’4 ALLEN’S NATURALIST'S URRARY. 
the bill and feet more dusky than in the male. Total length, 
15 inches; culmen, 1-5 ; wing, 7-4; tail, 2*0 ; tarsus, 1-3. 
Young Birds. — Resemble the old female, but have no crest, 
and are more plentifully mottled with dusky-brown on the 
lower parts ; there is also a patch of rusty- or whity-brown on 
the lores and chin. The young males are darker than the 
females, have blacker heads, and have the mottlings on the 
fore-neck continued over the chest ; iris brown. 
Nestling.— Almost entirely brown, with only a faintly indicated 
spot of lighter brown on each side of the lower back; forehead, 
eyebrow, and sides of face rather lighter brown, but the cheeks 
dusky-brown; under surface of body buffy-white, the fore-neck, 
sides of the body, and lower abdomen more dusky-brown. 
Hybrids. — The Tufted Scaup has been known to cross with 
the Summer Duck, the Teal, and the Common and White-eyed 
Pochards. 
Characters. — Distinguished by the white speculum, tipped with 
black, the very obvious crest, and the uniform back. 
Range in Great Britain. — Athough better known as a winter 
visitor to the British Islands, the Tufted Scaup Duck breeds 
in many counties, from Norfolk to Northumberland, in Lan- 
cashire, Sussex, Dorset, and especially at Rainworth, Mr. 
Whitaker’s estate in Nottinghamshire, as well as in other 
localities in the same county. I have also noticed it in pairs 
at Avington in Hampshire at the end of May, and believe that 
some remain to breed there. In Scotland it breeds on many 
of the lochs ; and besides Lough Neagh, Lough Beg, the Shan- 
non Lakes, and Co. Monaghan, where Sir Ralph Payne-Gallwey 
recorded its nesting in Ireland, it is now said by Mr. Ussher to 
breed in Fermanagh, Roscommon, and Sligo, and probably also 
on lakes in Longford and Westmeath. 
Range outside the British Islands. — The present species breeds 
in the northern part of the Paliearctic Region from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific, and goes far south in winter, in the East visiting 
the Indian Peninsula, China, the Malayan Archipelago, and 
even extending to the Mariannes and Pelew Islands. In Europe 
its southern breeding-range is said by Mr. Seebohm to extend 
to about 50° N. lat., but its northern limit is 70° N. lat. in 
