22 
allen’s naturalist’s library. 
on the breast and flanks, shading into white on the throat and 
into pale grey on the belly {Salvadori). 
Hytiirds. — The Golden-eye has been known to interbreed 
with the Smew, Pochard, Scaup, and Buffel-headed Duck. 
Characters. — This species is very easily recognisable by its 
coloration, and cannot well be confounded with any of the 
other British Ducks. The female can be told from that of 
any of the Diving Ducks by its brown axillaries and white 
speculum, but it has no white patch on the ear-coverts as in 
C. albeola. 
Range in Great Britain. — A winter visitor, frequenting inland 
lakes from October to May. It has been doubtfully recorded 
as breeding in Scotland, but is best known as a winter visitant 
to that country and to Ireland, resorting to the coasts when 
the inland waters are frozen over. 
Range outside the British Islands. — The Golden-eye breeds in 
Northern Europe up to 70° N. lat., in Scandinavia and in 
Russia to about 58“, and sparingly in Holstein, Pomerania, 
and Eastern Prussia. Its breeding-range further extends from 
the Caucasus throughout Siberia and Arctic America, for 
Count Salvadori confesses his inability to separate the 
European and American Golden-eyes. In the New World 
its winter range extends as far south as Mexico and the Greater 
Antilles. In Europe it visits the Mediterranean in winter, 
and in the East occurs in China at this season, and even 
extends to North-western India, but very rarely. Barrow’s 
Golden-eye {Clangula islandica) has been supposed to have 
occurred in England, but the evidence is not considered suffi- 
cient. The latter species inhabits North America, Greenland, 
and Iceland, and differs from the common species in having 
the head and neck glossy blue-black, with a large triangular 
patch across the lores. The female differs from the female 
Golden-eye in being larger and in having a broader grey chest- 
band. 
Hatita. — Although frequenting, as a rule, lakes, rivers, and 
marshy lands, the Golden-eye also affects the sea-coasts in 
winter. Mr. Seebohm observes ; — “ It is remarkable for its 
noisy flight, its rapidly moving wings whistling in the wind as 
