32 
Allen’s naturalist’s library. 
feet brown, the webs of the toes blackish ; iris dark brown, 
lotal length, 15-5 inches; cuhnen, I'o; wing, 77 ; tail, 3-8; 
tarsus, 1-35. 
Adult Female — Totally different from the ni.ale. Uniform 
sooty-brown, darker brown on the lower back, rump, and 
upper tail-coverts ; wings plain sooty-brown, without any sign 
of a speculum ; head and neck sooty-brown, darker on the 
crown and lighter on the throat, and more chocolate-brown on 
the chest and sides of the body ; in front of the eye a dusky 
patch, above which is a spot of white ; lores and sides of face 
to the hinder level of the eye whitish, mottled with smoky- 
brown ; on the ear-coverts a spot of white ; breast whitish, 
mottled with dusky bases to the feathers ; the lower abdomen 
and under tail-coverts, as well as the axillaries and under wing- 
coverts, sooty-brown. Total length, id'o inches; culmen, i-o; 
wing, 7 '6; tail, 3-6; tarsus, i‘4. 
Young Males — Resemble the old female, but are somewhat 
darker in colour. In their first spring plumage they show 
some white on the chin and throat, and have a browner 
abdomen than the adults, with less chestnut on the flanks and 
less white on the scapulars. 
Nestling. — Dark brown, with a white spot on each wing, and 
another on each side of the rump; underneath white, shaded 
with brown on the breast and flanks ; the throat white. 
Range in Great Britain. — Of very rare occurrence in our islands, 
most of the records being extremely doubtful, some other 
species having been mistaken for the Harlequin. A specimen 
in Mr. Whitaker’s collection was obtained from Scarborough 
in the autumn of 1862, and two others were shot near the 
Fame Islands in December, 1886. 
Range outside the British Islands. — The Harlequin Duck is 
strictly an arctic species, nesting in the extreme north of both 
the Old and New Worlds. In North America it breeds as 
far south as Newfoundland, the Northern Rocky Mountains, 
and the Sierra Nevada, as far as 38° N. lat., according to 
Mr. Ridgway, wintering in the Middle States and the Ohio 
Valley, and being found in winter as far south as California. 
It is resident in Iceland and visits Greenland in summer, 
