144 
allen’s naturalist’s library. 
Adult Male in Breeding-Plumage. — General colour above mottled 
with black, golden buff and ashy-whitish markings; scapulars 
and wing-coverts more distinctly notched and barred with 
golden, the markings less distinct on the lesser coverts, which 
are brown, the median and greater series with many golden 
bars; quills dark brown, with whity-brown bases to the 
secondaries, the innermost of whieh are notched or barred 
with golden; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts like the 
rest of the upper surface, but more plainly mottled with 
golden bars ; tail-feathers brown, barred with lighter brown or 
golden, the outer ones externally notched with white, the light 
bars tinged with golden ; head like the back, with a white fron- 
tal band and eyebrow, extending down the sides of the neck 
and joining the white on the sides of the body ; base of fore- 
head, lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat smoky-black ; 
centre of fore-neck, breast, and abdomen deep black, flanked 
with white for their entire length, though the golden and 
black plumage of the sides of the neck descends on to the 
sides of the breast ; thighs black ; under tail-coverts white, 
marked with black on the vent; under wing-coverts white, 
mottled with ashy-brown round the bend of the wing; axillaries 
pure white ; bill, feet, and claws nearly black; iris dark hazel. 
Total length, lo inches; culmen, I'o; wing, 7-451 2 ’ 9 ; 
tarsus, 1-6. 
Adult Female in Breeding-Plumage. — Similar to the male, but 
never having the black so uniformly distributed on the breast, 
but always more patchy. Total length, 10 inches ; wing, 7-4. 
Winter Plumage.— Di ffers principally from the summer plum- 
age in wanting the black breast and the black on the face. 
Young Birds. — Resemble the winter plumage of the adults, 
and have consequently no black on the face and breast. They 
are rather more plentifully spangled with golden on the upper 
surface, with the crown somewhat blacker ; the throat white ; 
the lower throat, fore-neck, and breast ashy-brown, mottled 
with edges and bars of pale golden-buff, with triangular dusky- 
brown spots on the lower throat and fore-neck; the breast and 
sides of the body ashy-brown, with dusky-brown bars ; abdo- 
men and under wing-coverts white, the lower primary-coverts 
ashy-brown ; axillaries white. 
