THE SAND-PLOVERS. 
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the primaries dark brown on the outer webs and round the tips, 
with more or less white towards the base of the inner webs ; the 
shafts white, increasing in extent on the inner ones, and form- 
ing a distinct patch on the outer web ; the inner secondaries 
piTre white, the innermost long secondaries brown like the 
back ; lateral upper tail-coverts white, the centre ones brown, 
like the back ; tail-feathers pale brown, tipped with white, with 
a sub-terminal black bar, the white increasing towards the outer 
feathers, the penultimate one being white with a pale brown 
inner web and a narrow black sub-terminal bar; the outer- 
most tail-feather pure white ; crown of head pale brown, separ- 
ated from the white frontal band by a broad band of black ; a 
narrow line across the base of the forehead ; lores, sides of 
face, and ear-coverts black, with a narrow' white stripe from 
above the fore part of the eye to above the ear-coverts; cheeks 
and sides of neck w'hite, continued in a collar round the hind- 
neck, followed by an ill-defined blackish collar across the upper 
mantle ; under surface of body pure white, with a black collar 
across the fore-neck, widening on the sides of the chest ; under 
wing-coverts and axillaries white, the lower primary-coverts pale 
ashy like the quill-lining ; bill black at the end, orange for the 
rest of its extent ; feet orange ; claws black ; iris brown. Total 
length, 7 inches; culmen, 07; wing, 5-1; tail, 2-3; tarsus, 
1-05. 
Adult Female. — Not distinguishable from the male. Total 
length, 77 inches; w'ing, 5'i. 
Young. — Paler than the adults, and distinguished by the pale 
margins of ashy-buff to the feathers of the upper surface ; ear- 
coverts brownish-black ; no black band on the fore part of the 
crow'n ; the white forehead and eyebrow tinged with buff ; band 
on the fore-neck brown, tinged with buff in the middle, the 
sides of the collar blackish. 
Range in Great Britain. — The Ringed Sand-Plover is found on 
all the coasts of Great Britain, and breeds everywhere on the 
beaches. It is also found on the shores of inland lakes, and 
on migration has been know'n to occur dn wild commons and 
the banks of rivers far aw'ay from the sea. The resident Ringed 
Sand-Plover of England is a somewhat larger bird than the form 
inhabiting the continent of Europe, and the late Mr. Seebohm 
