allen’s naturalist’s library. 
176 
but the spots rather more sparsely distributed. The ground- 
colour is of an olive clay-brown, with black spots and blotches. 
Axis, i‘65-i- 9S inch; diam., i'25-i-3S. 
THE TURN-STONES. SUB-FAMILY ARENARIINJi. 
These curious little waders are distinguished by having the 
lower half of the tarsus plated or scaled transversely, while its 
hinder aspect is entirely reticulated. There is no “ dertrum,” 
or swelling, at the end of the bill as there is in most of the 
Plovers. The nasal groove does not extend for more than half 
the length of the culmen. Two species of Turn-stone are 
known, our own species, A. in/erpres, being found nearly all over 
the world, while the Black Turn-stone (A. melanocephald) is 
only known from Western North America, where it ranges 
from Alaska to California. 
THE TURN-STONES. GENUS ARENARIA. 
Arenaria, Brisson, Orn. v. p. 132 (1760). 
Type, A. interpres (Linn.). 
This is the single genus of the Turn-stones, and, therefore, 
the characters arc the same as those of the Sub-family. 
I. THE TURN-STONE. ARENARIA INTERPRES. 
Tringa interpres, T.inn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 248 (1766). 
Strepsilas interpres, Macgill. Brit. B. iv. p. 143 (1852) ; Dresser, 
B. Eur. vii. p. 555, pi. 532 (1875); B. 0 . U. List Brit. B. 
p. 161 (1883) ; Saunders, ed. Yarrell’s Brit. B. iii. p. 289 
(1883); id. Man. Brit. B. p. 541 (1889); Lilford, Col. 
Fig. Brit. B. part xiv. (1890). 
Charadrius interpres, Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. iii. p. 12 (1885). 
Arenaria interpres, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 92 
(1896). 
{Plate LXXX.) 
Adult Male in Breeding Plumage. — General colour above black, 
mixed with chestnut, or partly chestnut, feathers on the centre 
of the mantle ; scapulars for the most part chestnut, but the 
outer ones black at the ends, or irregularly marked with black, 
