THE turn-stones. 
177 
accessory scapular plumes white j entiie back below the 
mantle and rump pure white ; upper tail-coverts black, the 
longer ones pure white ; lesser wing-coverts blackish, the 
innermost rather broadly edged with white, as also those near 
the edge of the wing ; median coverts for the most part chest- 
nut, slightly mottled with black ; greater coverts blackish, 
narrowly margined and broadly tipped, with white ; bastard- 
wing and primary-coverts black, the innermost of the latter 
with white tips ; quills black with white shafts, and white 
bases to the inner primaries, the secondaries for the most part 
white, blackish towards the ends of the feathers, these black 
markings decreasing gradually towards the inner secondaries, 
some of which are pure white ; the innermost secondaries 
black, mottled with chestnut, like the scapulars ; tail-feathers 
black with white bases, all but the centre tail-feathers tipped 
with white, the black diminishing in size and forming a band 
towards the outer feathers, which are almost white ; crown of 
head and hind-neck white, the former streaked, the latter 
mottled with black; base of forehead and narrow frontal-line 
black, followed by a band of white which unites with a broad 
eyebrow, and is extended over the car-coverts ; lores white, as 
well as the fore part of the cheeks ; feathers round the eye and 
eyelid white, separated from the white loral patch by a narrow 
line of black, which joins the frontal-band to a square black 
patch beneath the eye, which is also joined with a malar line 
of black, which is connected with the sides of the neck and 
with the fore-neck and sides of breast, all these parts being 
black, but nearly divided by a semi-lunar band of white, which 
reaches from the sides of the neck almost to the breast ; 
throat white, as also the rest of the under surface of body from 
the centre of the chest downwards ; under wing-coverts and 
axillaries also pure white ; quills below ashy-whitish along the 
inner web ; bill black ; feet deep orange-red, claws black ; 
iris hazel. Total length, 8 inches ; culmen, o'p ; wing, 6‘2 ; 
tail, 2‘3; tarsus, 0-95 ; middle toe and cl.aw, it. 
Adult Female in Breeding Plumage. — Much duller than the male, 
and having the same pattern of black and white about the face ; 
but never developing the same amount of chestnut about the 
back • the head and hind-neck being brown, mottled with 
blackish centres to the feathers. Total length, 8-5 inches ; 
N 
II 
