THE PHALAROPES. 
195 
autumn and winter with tolerable regularity, but in some years 
a large immigration takes place and many are killed on our 
southern coasts. In the autumn of 1866 a large influx of 
individuals was recorded, and others have occurred in 1869, 
1886, and again in 1891. On the last occasion several were 
sent to me at the British Museum, some from inland localities, 
where they had been picked up dead. “ On the east of Eng- 
land,” writes Mr. Howard Saunders, “ this Phalarope seldom 
alights above Norfolk, but in Scotland, according to Gray, it 
visits all the shores from Berwick to the Orkneys ; it is, liow- 
cver, seldom met with in Sutherland, and has not yet been 
recorded from the Outer Plebrides, though found within their 
line. It is rare in Ireland ; a few were obtained in the south 
in the autumn of 1886, and others in 1891.” 
Range outside tie British Islands. — The Grey Phalarope is a 
circum-polar species breeding in the Arctic Regions of both 
hemispheres. In America it breeds from Alaska to Green- 
land, and has been found as far north as 82° 30'. It also 
breeds in Spitsbergen and Iceland, and was found by Von 
Middendorf in the Taimyr Peninsula. In winter the Grey 
Phalarope visits the British seas, the Mediterranean, and the 
Indian Ocean, and has been found as far south as New Zea- 
land ; it has also been met with off the coast of Chili. 
Haiits. — In America the present species is known as the Red 
Phalarope, this name being taken from the summer plumage, 
whereas in England it is called the Grey Phalarope from the pre- 
vailing colour of the bird when it visits us. Mr. E. W. Nelson 
states that in Alaska it arrives within the last few days of May 
and early in June, and remains near Point Barrow till the sea 
closes in October. He writes ; “It is much more gregarious 
than its relative, and for a week or two after its first arrival fifty 
or more flock together. These flocks were very numerous on the 
I St of June, 1879, at the Yukon mouth, where I had an excellent 
opportunity to observe them. In the morning the birds which 
were paired could be found scattered here and there, by twos, 
over the slightly-flooded grassy flats. At times these pairs 
would rise and fly a short distance, the female, easily known by 
her bright colours and large size, in advance, and uttering now 
and then a low, musical ‘ clink, clink,’ sounding very much 
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