THE DUNLINS. 
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especially distinct on the wing-coverts, the greater series tipped 
with white so as to form a wing-band; primary-coverts and 
quills dark brown, narrowly fringed with whitish and having 
white shafts ; secondaries for the most part white, with a longi- 
tudinal dusky mark towards the end of the outer web ; rump and 
upper tail-coverts brown like the back, the sides of the rump and 
the lateral tail-coverts pure white ; centre tail-feathers also dark 
brown, the remainder light ashy-brown, fringed with white at 
the ends and with white shafts ; head like the back, with liny 
dark centres to the feathers ; lores dusky-brown, surmounted 
by an indistinct whitish eyebrow; sides of face and ear-coverts 
light brown, with darker shaft-streaks; cheeks, throat, and under 
surface of body pure white, the lower throat and chest light 
ashy, with darker centres to the feathers, more distinct on the 
sides of the chest. 
Young Birds. — Above brown, with sandy-rufous edges to the 
feathers ; under surface white, with scattered spots of dusky- 
brown on the breast ; throat whitish ; fore-neck tinged with 
sandy-buff. 
Eange in Great Britain. — The present species, familiarly known 
as the “ Ox-bird,” breeds in Scotland and the northern islands, 
and in the north of England as far south as Lancashire and 
Yorkshire, and even in Lincolnshire, though it is nowhere so 
common in the nesting season as it is in some parts of Scot- 
land. It is also known to breed in Cornwall and Devonshire, 
where there are moors suited to its habits, but nothing is 
known of its nesting in any part of Wales. In Ireland, ac- 
cording to Mr. Ussher, the Dunlin breeds “ in limited numbers, 
and locally in Donegal, Londonderry, Westmeath, Wicklow, 
King’s County, Mayo, and Sligo, and probably elsewhere in 
the midland and northern counties.” It is a very common 
bird on all our coasts in winter, and is sometimes seen on 
inland waters during migration. 
Eange outside the British Islands. — ^The Dunlin may be con- 
sidered a circum-polar bird as it nests throughout northern 
Europe from Iceland and the Fteroes to Scandinavia and 
thence across Northern Europe and Siberia to the Pacific. It 
also nests throughout Arctic America, though the birds from 
the western side of the latter conthient are usually rather larger 
