THE SUMMER-SKlPEr. 
283 
though the culmen exceeds the length of the middle toe and 
claw.^ It is nearly straight, with only a slight curve at the end, 
but the tarsus is comparatively short and is not longer than the 
middle toe and claw. Thus the Summer-Snipes never stand 
so hi-h on their legs as Red-shanks or Green Sandpipers, and 
are expert swimmers, like the Phalaropes. „ . . . rp 
Two species of Tringoides are known, our British T. hypo- 
leucus and the American T. macularius, which also visits us 
occasionally. 
I. THE SUMMER-SN’IPE, OR COMMON SANDPIPER. 
TRINGOIDES HYPOLEUCUS. 
Trima hypoleuats, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 250 
Actitis hypolmcus, Macgill. Brit. B. iv p. 351 (1852)- 
Totanus hyhohucus. Dresser, B. Lur. viii. p. 127, P^- 
(1877) ; Saunders, ed. Yarrell’s Brit. B. 111. p. 446 (1883) , 
Seebohm. Hist. Brit. B.iii. p. 117, pl- 3 °, figs 7-9 (1885) ; 
Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 591 (1889)- /,qq,n ■ 
Trinsioides hypokticus, B. O. U. List Brit. B. p. 173 ( 3 )> 
Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xxiv. p. 45 ^ (1896). 
(Plate LX XX IX. F'g. 1.) 
Adult Male in Breeding Plumage. — General colour above bronzy - 
brown the feathers with arrow-shaped central markings of 
black ’which take the form of bars on the scapulars and inner 
sec mdaries, which are like the back ; wing-coverts bronzy- 
brown like the back, but regularly barred across with blackish 
the median and greater coverts with ashy fringes, the latter 
rather broadly tipped with white ; bastard-wmg, primary-coverts, 
and quills brown with an olive gloss, the secondmies tipped 
with white and having a bread white base ; lower back, mni^ 
and uiiper tail-coverts like the back, the lateral coverts barred 
with blackish and with white on the outer web; tail-feathers 
bronzy-brown, with irregular cross-bars of blackish-brown, the 
middle feathers narrowly, but the outer feathers broadly, tipped 
with white, the penultimate feather barred with white on the 
outer web, the outermost feather almost entirely white, with a 
little brown on the inner web, which is barred with blackish , 
crown of head and neck bronzy-brown, with narrow mesial 
shaft-lin»s of blackish-brown; a narrow superciliary line ot 
