KirnwAKE. 
RiSSA TRIDACTYLA. 
Char. Mantle deep pearl gray; head, neck, tail, and under parts 
white ; ends of outer wing-feather.s — the primaries — black, tipped with 
white; bill greenish yellow ; legs and feet black. Length 15J4 inches. 
In winter the back of the neck is more or less suffused with gray. 
Young birds have a black bill ; patch on back of neck, shoulders, and 
terminal band on the tail brownish black. 
Nest. In a colony on the ledges of a cliff or on the mossy turf of an 
island, occasionally amid the sand or shingle of a sea-beach ; usually 
made of sea-weed or other coarse herbage from “ the drift,” lined with 
grass or moss ; sometimes a few feathers are added. Each year the bulk 
is increased by the addition of material. Nests have been found which 
were mere depressions in the sand, sparsely lined with grass. 
2-4; buff of various shades tinted with olive, blotched, and 
streaked with brown and lavender ; average size 2.20 X 1.60. 
I'he Kittiwake, or Tarrock, is found in the north of both 
continents. It inhabits Newfoundland, Labrador, the islands 
in the Gulf of the St. Lawrence, the coasts of the Pacific, 
VOL. II. 16 
