IX BAPRNIA, AJST) OF THE STEUCTUEE OP THE EPHIPPIUM. 
97 
Cannabis satim, by Spallanzani, Henschel, Gieon de Buzaeeingues, Beenardi. 
Spinada oleracea, by Spallanzani, Henschel, Giron de Buzaeeingues. 
Cucurbita melopepo, Spallanzani. 
Cucurbita dtrullus, Spallanzani. 
Coyx lacryma, Henschel. 
Lychnis dioica, Henschel, Giron de Buzaeeingues. 
Mercurialis annua, Eamisch. 
G.HRTNEE, however, is inclined to doubt the truth of the results obtained, and to ascribe 
the supposed agamic fertility either to pollen brought from a distance in the air, to the 
unnoticed presence of male flowers, or to “ crypto-hermaphroditism.” Mr. Smith, Curator 
of the Eoyal Kew Gardens, mentions a case of seeds which germinated without any 
apparent action of pollen as occurring in Coelebogyne ilicifolia, a native of Moreton Bay, 
and belonging to the Euphorbiacese, which was introduced into this country by 
Mr. Cunningham, who sent three plants to the Kew Gardens in 1829. 
These plants produced female flowers from which perfect seeds have been obtained 
for several successive years, although Mr. Smith could never detect “ anything like male 
flowers or pollen-bearing organs : ” the ovarium and the seeds presented “ the usual 
structure of Euphorbiaceae, such as it occm’s in Croton, Fhyllanthus, Cluytia, &c.'^” 
Still more recently f, M. Henri Lehocq has observed the same phenomenon. He says, 
“ Mes experiences ont ete faites sur le chauvre, lepinard, le Mercurialis annua, le Trinia 
vulgaris, le Lychnis sylvestris, et sm' une Cucurbitacee dont j’ignorais le nom speciflque. 
Je n’ai pas besoin de rappeler que j ’avals pris toutes les precautions possibles pour isoler 
mes plantes, et cependant, a I’exception du Cucurbitacee et du Lychnis, toutes les autres 
me donnerent des graines fertiles;|;.” 
Dr. Carpenter 1^, and after him many authors, as for instance Dr. Burnett ||, Carus^, 
and M. de Quatrefages, have sustained "svith ability the theory that the specimens which 
produce the so-called internal buds or gemmae are not females, but entirely without sex. 
Thus, M. DE Quatrefages** says, “Toutes les generations intermediaires developpees 
entre les termes extremes de ce cycle sont agames, c’est a dire, manquent de veritables 
organes reproductem’s, et se multiplient exclusivement par bouture et par bourgeon 
interne ou externe.” 
These and similar assertions, however true with reference to the Zoophytes, require 
great modifications with regard to the Articulata. 
Prof. SiEBOLD, who in his “ Bemerkungen fiber Psychiden,” in the ‘ Jahresbericht der 
Schlesischen Gesellschaft,’ &c., 1850, p. 85, appears to have taken for granted that the 
self-fertile indi^ iduals of Taloeporia (Soletiobia) are, “ in ihrer organisation von weib lichen 
Thieren ganz verschiedene geschlechtslose Individuen ” (in their organization from the 
* See Transactions of the Linnean Society, vol. iviii. p. 509. 
t Comptes Eendus de I’Academie des Sciences, 8 Dec. 1856. 
X See also Journal of Microscopical Science, July 1857, p. 228. 
§ L. c. p. 443. II L. c. p. 96. ^ L. c. 
** L. e. p. 116. 
