ON THE STEENOTH OF PILLAES OF CAST lEON, 
887 
Table VI. — Solid Pillars cut out of the 10-feet pillars, 2^ in. diameter, from various 
parts of the kingdom, the pillars being now rendered straight and cut to 5 feet long 
nearly, and of which the first three have their ends turned flat and perpendicular to 
the axis, and the others have their ends rounded, so that the force is applied along 
the axis of the pillar. 
No. of Ex- 
periment. 
Description of Pillar, 5 feet 
long nearly, and as above. 
Weights 
laid on. 
Decrement 
of length. 
Deflection 
of middle. 
breaking weight, or that 
with which the pillar sank. 
Remarks. 
1. 
Old Hill Iron, No. 1. 
Staffordshire. Cold blast. 
From the pillar in Exp. 19. 
Table III. 
Length 59*9 inches. 
lbs. 
20693 
38644 
48052 
57460 
66868 
76276 
85684 
95092 
104500 
113908 
117612 
123212 
128812 
135977 
inch. 
•038 
■074 
•090 
•109 
•128 
■146 
•165 
■184 
■202 
■223 
■234 
■247 
■264 
■285* 
inch. 
•09 
•16 
•20 
•27 
•37 
■SO* 
135977 lbs. = 60-70tons. 
Supposing that the strength of pillars 
of the same diameter varies inversely 
as the ]-7th power of the length, the 
breaking weight of this, if 5 feet long, 
would be 135592 lbs., and of the 
following pillar 122863 lbs.; mean 
129227 lbs. =57-69 tons. 
For form of fracture see figure in Plate 
XXXIII. 
2. 
Old HiU Iron, No. 1. 
From the same pillar as the 
preceding experiment, 
Table III., Exp. 19. 
Length 59'9 inches. 
38644 
48052 
57460 
66868 
76276 
85684 
95092 
104500 
113908 
117612 
123212 
■097 
■118 
■137 
•157 
•178 
•198 
■220 
•243 
•270 
•285 
■308* 
•05 
•07 
•10 
•13 
•17 
•21 
•34 
•46 
•64* 
123212 lbs. =55-01 tons. 
One of these two pillars broke across in 
the middle, and near to each end. 
3. 
Blaenavon Iron, No. 1. 
From the pillar in Exp. 17 
or 18, Table III. 
Length 5 feet. 
20693 
38644 
48052 
57460 
66868 
76276 
85684 
95092 
104500 
1 13908 
117612 
■052 
■080 
■096 
•111 
■127 
•145 
•161 
■179 
•202 
■239 
■253* 
1176121bs. =52-51tons. 
4. 
'Low Moor Iron, No. 2. 
From the pillar in 
48917 
53621 
■04 
•07 
1 
Exp. 11, Table II. 
58325 
•12 

/V • • -^1 
Length 59'5 inches. 
Diameter 2'd53 ins. 
63029 
65381 
•26 
■60 
h _ ^ C' . n' _ . ■ J 
jN " " 
1 
s 
bc 
« 
V3 
o 
l- 
a; 
’S 
65381 lbs., or 64458 lbs. 
for a length of 5 feet. 
1 
The ends of the pillar were crushed by 
the pressure, the diameter of the 
crushed part being -73 inch, and the 
crushing had been perceptible, and 
apparently one-third to half an inch 
when two-thirds of the breaking weight 
was laid on. There were several cracks 
at the ends of the pillar through the 
pressure. The strength had probably 
been much increased by the flattening 
of the ends. See Plate XXXIII. for the 
forms of fracture in this and the two 
following pillars. 
5. 
-5 
£ 
Blaenavon Iron,No.3. 
From the pillar in 
Exp. 14, Table 11. 
Length 59'5 inches. 
Diameter 2-546 ins. 
53621 
58325 
63029 
65381 
67733 
70085 
■05 
•07 
■10 
■13 
■18 
•26 
71967 lbs., or 70950 lbs. 
if the length had been 
5 feet. 
With a pressure of three-fourths of the 
breaking weight, the diameter of the 
compressed circle at the ends was 
about -6 inch, and the diameter after 
fracture was -72 inch nearly. 
5 z 2 
