16 
ON THE CLASSIFICATION OP BIRDS. 
last order, is short, thick, and arched above ; and the 
tail, which in the waders is always more or less sjiort, is 
here strikingly developed. The peacock, turkey, and our 
domestic poultry give us examples of one set of rasorial 
birds ; and the ])artridges, grouse, and quails, of another. 
Great bulk is found both in this and in the natatorial 
order, but docility is a moral trait peculiar to this. 
(20.) It will be needless, after this exposition, to 
bring forward further proof that the five types of the 
animal kingdom, which we have formerly traced in 
quadrupeds *, are equally conspicuous in birds, nor will 
the reader be at a loss to perceive in what manner these 
two classes are represented. Their analogies, indeed, 
are so beautifully simple and harmonious, that we 
cannot refrain from throwing them into a tabular form. 
PrimaryTypes.' Orders of Birds. Typical Chnraclers. 
Orders qf Quad- 
rupeds. 
1. Typical. Insessores. 
2. Sub-typicaL Raptores. 
3. Aquatic. Natatores. 
4. Suctorial. Grallatoues. 
r Organs of prehension and! 
general structure highly > Quadrumaxa. 
C developed. j 
^Carnivorous; claws retrac- ^ 
f Liveand feed in thewater; 1 
i feet very sliort or none. 3 ' 
(■Jaws much prolonged ; bur- 7 r*r Tt.,ra 
f row for their food- j *tlire3. 
5. Rasorial. Rasores. 
rHoad with crests of horn 
) or feathers; habits do* 
i mcstic ; feet long, formed 
C for walking. 
Un'ijulata. 
(21.) These analogies are so perfect, and the series 
so completely in unison with those of all other animals, 
that we deem it unnecessary to go into any long details. 
There is one circumstance however, relative to the two 
first groups ; which, as it has never been pointed out, 
demands our attention, inasmuch as it completely sets 
aside the speculative idea that the parrots are the types 
of all birds, because the monkeys are so of quadrupeds. 
The parrots, indeed, are well known to have great powers 
of grasping, and every one has seen them hold their food 
in their claws : but this is only the development of one 
particular character, not that union of several, which 
is the first and greatest distinction of all pre-eminent 
* See Classification of Animals, p. 53. 
