BROWN KINGFISHER (LAUGHING JACKASS). 
Emu, Vol. II., p. 16, 1902 (Vic.); H. E. Hill, ih., p. 162, 1903 (Vic.); id., ib., Vol. 
III., p. 228, 1904 (W.A.) ; D’Ombrain, ih., Vol. IV., p. 161, 1905 (Vic.) ; Berney, 
ib., Vol. VI., p. 44, 1906 (N.Q.) ; Batey, ib., Vol. VII., p. 11, 1907 (N.S.W.) ; Austin, 
ib., p. 75 (N.S.W.) ; Fletcher, ib.,j>. 119 (Tas.) ; Mathews, Handl. Birds Austral, 
p. 54, 1908 ; North, Austr. Mus. Spec. Cat., No. 1. Vol. IT., p. 358, 1909 ; Fletcher, 
Emu, Vol. VIH., p. 218, 1909 (Tas.) ; Hall, ih., Vol. IX., p. 130, 1910 (S.A.) ; 
Broadbent, e6., Vol X., p. 234, 1910 (N.Q.) ; Stone, ib., Vol XIL, p. 117, 1912 
(Vic.) ; S. A. White, ih., p. 127 (S.A.) ; Cheney, ih., Vol. XIV., p. 207, 1915 (Vic.), 
Paralcyon gigas Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., Vol. II., p. 165, 1860. 
Dacelo gigas subsp. minor Robinson, Bull. Liverp. Mus., Vol. II., p. 116, 1900 : Cooktown, 
N. Queensland. 
Dacdo mclennani North, Agric. Gazette, N.S.W., Vol. XXII., p. 609, 1911 ; Cape York, 
Queensland ; H. L. White, Emu, Vol. XV., p. 61, 1915. 
Dacelo gigas gigas Mathews, Nov. Zool, Vol. XVIII., p. 286, 1912 ; id.. List Birds Austr., 
p. 147, 1913. 
Dacelo gigas tregellasi Mathews, Nov. Zool, Vol. XVIII., p. 287, 1912 : Olinda, Victoria. 
Dacelo gigas minor Mathews, ib. ; id.. List Birds Austr., p. 147, 1913. 
Dacelo gigas mclennani Mathews, Nov. Zool, Vol. XVIII., p. 287, 1912 ; id.. List Birds 
Austr., p. 147, 1913. 
Dacelo minor MacgiUivray, Emu, Vol. XHI., p. 160, 1914 (N.Q.) ; H. L. White, ih., 
Vol XVI., p. 162, 1917 (N.Q.). 
Dacelo gigas watsoni Mathews, Austral Avian Record, Vol III., p. 70, 1917 : Watson 
River, North Queensland. 
Distribution. New South Wales ; Queensland ; Victoria ; South Australia ; Tasmania 
(Introduced) : West Australia (Introduced). 
Adult male. Entire head, nape, and sides of face umber-brown with paler margins to the 
feathers, many of the feathers on the nape white, or isabeUine ; cheeks and a wide 
collar on the hind-neck isabelhne, the feathers more or less marked with brown ; 
mantle, scapulars, and marginal upper wing-coverts earth-brown with white 
bases, somewhat paler on the long scapulars and innermost secondaries, both of 
which are margined with white at the tips, median and greater upper wing-coverts 
dark brown, shghtly tipped on the former, and more broadly on the latter, with 
very pale greenish-blue ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts uniform dark brown ; 
primary- and secondary-quills white at the base, brown on the apical portion, and 
margined with white at the tips, more extensively on the secondaries ; upper back 
creamy-white with dark wavy bars ; lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and 
basal portion of tail chestnut marked with dark brown, more boldly on the tail^ — 
the last white on the terminal portion, particularly the outer feathers ; throat, 
breast, abdomen, under tail-coverts and sides of the body creamy-white with 
pale brown obsolete bars on the last ; axillaries and under wing-coverts with pale 
brown bars, the greater series of the latter brown with white at the tips ; under- 
surface of quills white at the base and brown on the apical portion ; lower aspect 
of tail chestnut at the base with dark brown bars and white at the tip. Eyes 
light greyish-brown, feet pale brown ; upper mandible black, lower dirty white, 
sides at the base brown. Total length 395 mm. ; culmen 50, wing 190, tail 140, 
tarsus 25. Figured. Collected on Jardine Creek, Cape York, North Queensland, 
on the 25th of April, 1911. 
119 
