THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
on one side which are minutely freckled with black ; an ochreous-buff coUar on 
the hind-neck ; the dark shaft-lines very narrow on the hind-neck, upper back, 
inner scapulars, and upper tail-coverts becoming broader and margined with buS 
on the middle of the back and outer scapulars ; marginal upper wing-coverts dark 
brown with buff margins, the remainder of the upper wing-coverts freckled with 
grey and broadly tipped with buff ; bastard- wing, primary-coverts and flight- 
quills dark brown with large rounded spots of buff on both webs which take the 
form of bars on some of the inner secondaries and freckhngs and blotches on the 
innermost secondaries ; the outer primary has a white spot on the inner-web, the 
second one blotched with white on both webs leaving the shaft black, and the third 
and fourth are broadly banded with white, including the shafts, the primaries are 
also more or less marked with grey near the tips ; tail dark brown or black 
mottled with grey and barred with buff ; sides of face, chin, and throat dark 
brown with buffy-white edges to the tips of the feathers ; a white V-shaped mark 
on the lower throat, some of the feathers of which are tinged with buff and have 
blackish edges ; sides of neck, fore-neck, and upper-breast dark brown at the base 
with fawn-coloured tips to the feathers, somewhat darker on the middle of the 
fore-neck and rather paler on the centre of the breast, the feathers on the lower- 
breast broadly margined with fawn colour ; abdomen and sides of the body fawn 
colour with narrow brown sagittate bars ; under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under 
wing-coverts almost uniform fawn colour, the last having a few dark markings on 
the outer margins ; greater under wing-coverts and quills below dark brown 
spotted barred, or mottled with fawn colour or smoky-white ; lower aspect of 
tail pale brown barred, spotted, or mottled with sandy-buff or greyish-white. 
Eyes violet-purple, feet grey, bill horn, base of lower mandible fleshy. Figured. 
Collected at Bell Bird Bore, Mallee, Victoria. 
Adult male. Similar to the adult female. 
Immature male. General colour above cinnamon-rufous, including the head, back, 
scapulars, and upper wing-coverts, with dark brown mottlings to the feathers, the 
dark pattern sometimes take the form of spots which may be observed on the top 
of the head, in others it assumes the shape of arrow-heads ; nape, mantle, and 
scapulars dark brown flnely mottled or vermiculated with grey or buffy-white, 
some of the lesser upper wing-coverts similar but somewhat more coarsely marked ; 
bastard-wing, primary-coverts and flight-quills dark brown, inclining to black 
on the primaries, the feathers spotted or mottled with buff or cinnamon-rufous, 
the first or outer four primaries marked with white which is restricted to the inner- 
web on the first, extending beyond the shaft on the second, and crossing both webs 
on the third and fourth, the buff markings assume the form of mottled bars on 
the inner-webs of the secondaries ; the innermost secondaries like the back ; tail 
dark brown mottled with grey and buff and cinnamon-rufous at the tips, the grey 
mottling is more conspicuous on the middle feathers, the buff take the form of 
dentations on the inner-webs of the lateral feathers ; a white patch across the 
throat which is more or less tinged with buff ; sides of face, chin, upper throat, 
breast, and under tail-coverts cinnamon-rufous with dark brown bars or mottlings 
to the feathers, very sparsely on the under tail-coverts ; abdomen, axillaries, and 
under wing-coverts paler and inclining to buff ; the greater series of the last and 
under-surface of the flight-quills dark brown spotted or mottled with buff and marked 
with white on the four outer primaries ; lower aspect of tail also dark brown 
mottled, and notched on some of the feathers with buff. Eyes black, feet brownish, 
bill blackish. Collected at Normanton, Gulf of Carpentaria, North Queensland, 
on the 19th of November, 1913. 
# Immature female. General colour of the upper-surface cinnamon-rufous with dark 
mottlings or wavy bars to the feathers including the head, upper back, scapulars, 
upper wing-coverts and innermost secondaries ; one feather on the middle of the 
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