V 
i 
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294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF 
1. Larus Hutchinsii Richardson. 
?L. glacialis, Benicken (nec Macgill. qui L. glaucus, Briinn.) Glaucus 
glac. Bruch, 1853. Laroides glac. Bruch, 1855. Leucus arcticus, “Macg.” 
Bp. 1856, excl. synon. (nec Macg.) Larus Hutchinsii , Richardson, F. 
B. A. 1831, ii. 419. 
Sp. char. — Adult: Bill flesh-colored at base, blackish on terminal third. 
Entire plumage pure white, the shafts of the feathers straw yellow. Feet 
light flesh-color. Young : Head, heck and upper parts mottled with light 
reddish brown, appearing on the latter as irregular patches, and on the rump 
as more or less obsolete transverse bars. Under parts a nearly uniform very 
light reddish brown, the under tail coverts transversely barred with white. 
Wings and tail pure white. Length 27J inches ; extent 60 ; wing I7f ; bill 
above 2 ’40 ; along gape 3-20. Tarsus 3-40 ; middle toe and claw 3- 50. 
Hah. — Arctic America ; North Pacific ; New York State ! 
The name ‘‘Arcticus Macgill.” is usually applied to this bird. Bonaparte 
adopts the name in his Conspectus, moreover, considering it identical with 
L. argentatus of Sabine’s Memoir on the Birds of Greenland. But both these 
authors speak of a notable amount of blue on the back, — ( ‘ ‘back pure pearl gray, 
with a good deal of blue” — “ cserulescente-perlaceo.”) Moreover, Macgilli- 
vray himself subsequently says that his arcticus is the leucopterus Faber. I 
have not been able to find the original description of glacialis of Benicken ; 
but Bruch, who adopts that name, speaks of the “gull-blue” of the upper 
parts. In the Fauna Boreali-Americana, ii. p. 419, there is given a brief de- 
scription of a Gull, which is certainly, I think, the present species. The 
names “ arcticus” and “ glacialis ” being in my opinion untenable, I adopt 
that of Hutchinsii, proposed by Richardson. I have no doubt of the validity 
of the species. 
This species is now introduced into the Fauna of the United States through 
a specimen killed in Washington co., New York, and presented to the Smith- 
sonian Institution by Mr. Peter Reid. It was killed in midwinter, while feed- 
ing on a dead sheep. Other specimens were collected by Mr. Stimpson in 
. Behring’s Straits, while connected with the North Pacific Expedition under 
Capt. Rodgers, U. S. N. 
‘ * , 
b. Color above very light pearl blue. Primaries like the back, fading 
insensibly into white at some distance fforp the tips. 
2. Larus glaucus Briinnich. 
Larus glaucus , Brunn.' 1764 et auct. Laroides glauc. Bruch, 1855. Leucus 
glauc. Bp. 1856. PI antus glauc. Reich. 1853. Lftrus consul, Boil, 1822. 
Glaucus cons. Bruch, 1853. Larus islandicus, Edmonston, 1822, nec 
Edm. 1823. Larus glacialis, Macgill. 1824; (nec Benick.) Larus 
leuceretes, Schlelp. L. leucopterus, Vieill. L. giganteus, Benick. fide Bp. 
Sp. char . — Length 29 inches ; extent 62 ; wing 18*5. Bill above 2*75, along 
gape 3-75 ; height at nostril *80, at angle *85. Tarsus 3’00 ; middle toe and 
claw 2’75. (Dimensions sufficient to separate it from leucopterus, the only 
other N. A. species in this group, (6.) 
Hah. — Arctic seas, coming southward in winter. Labrador in summer. 
3. Larus leucopterus Faber. 
L. argentatus, Sub. 1818 ; nec Briinn., nec auct. L. argentatus , var. Temm. 
L. arcticus, Macgill. ; (nec Leucus arct. “Macg.” Bp. 1856.) Larus 
leucopterus , Faber; (nec Vieill., qui L. glaucus, Briinn.) Laroides 
leucop. Bruch, 1855. Glaucus leucop. Bruch, 1853. Leucus leucop. Bp. 
1856. Plantus leucop. Reich. Larus islandicus, Edmonst. 1823, nec 
1822. Larus glaucoides , Temm. 1840. Laroides glaucoides et leucop- 
terus, Brehm, fide Bp. 
[June, 
