NATURAL HISTORY. 
419 
Sea Gull.” Less numerous than preceding, but found in similar 
localities and at much the same times. 
220. Phynchops nigra , Linn. — Black Skimmer. A rare, perhaps 
accidental, visitor during the summer. (Specimens seen by ourselves 
September 8, 1858, on the Potomac river.) 
221. Graculus dilophus , Gray.' — Double-crested Cormorant. A 
specimen has been detected. 
222. Golymbus torquatus, Brunn. — Great Northern Diver. “Loon.” 
Occasionally seen during the winter. 
223. Podiceps ( Pedetaithya ) holbolli, Reinhardt. — Red-necked 
Grebe. Not uncommon on the Potomac during the winter months. 
224. Podiceps cristatus, Lath. — Crested Grebe. “Water Witch.” 
Found on the Potomac during the winter months. 
225. Podiceps (Bytes) cornutus, Lath. — Horned Grebe. Common 
on ^Potomac in winter. 
226. Podilymbus podiceps, (Linn.) Lawr. — “Dipper.” “Water 
Witch.” Abundant on the Potomac in winter. (We have not been 
able to ascertain the precise times of arrival and departure of the 
five preceding birds.) 
The birds included in the preceding catalogue are now presented 
in sections to show at a glance those which are permanent, or summer, 
or winter residents, and those w r hich are regular or accidental visitants. 
It is somewhat difficult to make out such an analytical table, from the 
fact that of some species undoubtedly to be classed as spring and 
autumn visitants a few individuals breed or pass the winter in secluded 
situations, and vice versa of those which regularly pass the summer or 
winter with us, many are more abundant in the spring and fall. We 
have endeavored to place each species in the class under which it most 
naturally falls, indicating irregularities of this sort in foot notes. 
A. 
PERMANENT RESIDENTS. 
Cathartes aura. 
Falco sparverius. 
Accipiter eooperi. 
Accipiter fuscus. 
Buteo borealis. 
Buteo lineatus. 
Buteo pennsylvanicus. 
Circus hudsonius. 
Halisetus leucocephalus. 
Scops asio. 
Bubo virginianus. 
Otus wilsonianus. 
Brachyotus cassini. 
Syrnium nebulosum. 
Picus villosus. 
Picus pubescens. 
Sphyropicus varius. 
Hylatomus pileatus. 
Cen’turus carolinus. 
Colaptes auratus. 
Turdus migratorius. 
Sialia sialis. 
Ampelis cedrorum. 
Tkriothorus ludovicianus. 
Certhia americana. 
Sitta carolinensis. 
Lophophanes bicolor. 
Cbrysomitris tristis. 
Spizella pusilla. 
Melospiza melodia. 
B. 
Oardinalis virginianus. 
Agelaius phoeniceus. 
Sturnelia magna. 
Corvus americanus. 
Corvus ossifragus. 
Cyanura cristata. 
Zenaidura carolinensis. 
Bonasa umbellus. 
Meleagris gallopavo. 
Ortyx virginianus. 
B.otaurus lentiginosus. 
ZEgialitis vociferus. 
Philohela minor. 
Aix sponsa. 
WINTER RESIDENTS. 
Falco columbarius. 
Aquila canadensis. 
Ectopistes migratoria. 
ChauLelasmus streperus. 
Erismatura rubida. 
Bucepbala americana. 
