4 
THE LOWER LIAS OP KEYNSHAM. 
Warmley, and to the south those of Compton Dando and 
Pensford. Small patches of the Palseozoic rocks have been 
exposed at certain points, owing to the removal of the over- 
lying secondaries by the Avon and its tributaries. To this 
cause are due a small patch of coal measures at Corston on 
the west bank of the Avon, south of Saltford, and a second 
patch in the Golden Valley, traversed by the Boyd. 
Viewed broadly, the dip of the secondary rocks is nowhere 
considerable ; but, when examined in detail, the beds show 
numerous flexures of very varying orientation ; examples of 
such small folds are well shown in exposure 1 (see map). 
The general dip is a small easterly one, which carries the 
Lias under the oolitic escarpment of Lansdown and Odd Down- 
It is on the west flank of Lansdown (as at Upton Cheyney, 
North Stoke and Kelston) that the connexion of the Lower 
Lias with the beds above it can be best made out. Two 
small outliers, west of the main oolitic escarpment, lie within 
the area which we are describing ; the one. Jay Hill, just east 
of Bitton Station, and the other, Stantonbury Hill Camp. 
Both these hills are capped by Inferior Oolite, and they con- 
sequently offer opportunities for the examination of the beds 
intermediate between that formation and the Lower Lias 
which forms their base. 
The lowest beds of the Lower Lias, and the Rhetic series 
immediately below, are exposed wherever the Avon or one 
of its tributaries has cut through the upper beds, and it is, 
consequently, in such places that the lowest beds can best be 
examined. Two such sections occur within our area, the 
first, south of Burnet on the east bank of the Chew, and the 
second, in the Midland Railway cutting, east of Kelston 
Station, on the north of the Avon. The area is intersected 
by three or four large faults, as well as by several smaller 
ones. The main faults run west and east and produce a 
downthrow in all cases to the south. A good instance of one 
