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ON THE GOTHAM MARBLE 
coloured by carbon. Teall describes the rock as composed 
of “ extremely finely granular calcite with a few very 
small grains of quartz. In the landscape there are patches 
of clear and coarsely crystalline calcite ” (veins). With 
two of Thompson’s observations I cannot concur. He 
says we cannot have “ trees ” without hummocks, but 
that we can have hummocks without “ trees.” Examples 
of the first are however common, but in a somewhat 
extended experience I have never seen the second. 
Special Varieties of Gotham Marble. 
I. True or typical forms of Gotham Marble. 
(а) Double Gotham Marble, and 
(б) Triple Gotham Marble are fairly common. The 
intermediate canopies are usually flat. 
(c) “ End Gothams.’’^ By this I mean the terminal 
piece of one of the lenticular masses. The “ trees ” are 
usually not deflected in. The “ canopy ” creeps half way 
down the landscape, and the space between it and the 
basement is filled with a mass of “ branches.” The land- 
scape is very coarse and shelly. The whole slopes off 
at an angle of about 45°. 
II. Atypical Forms of Gotham Marble. — These are, I 
believe, essential for a true understanding of the method 
of formation of all varieties. 
(a) False Gotham Marble (Fig. 2). This occurs at Aust, 
Redland and elsewhere, and passes laterally into the true 
Gotham, or Landscape Marble. It is never found on any other 
horizon. It consists of a confused mass of slabs having the 
characteristic Gotham texture, with parallel banding and 
occasionally a tiny “ hedge, ’’embedded in a shelly limestone. 
In the most elementary forms of False Gotham Marble these 
slabs take the form of horizontal bands separated by layers of 
shelly limestone. The confusion is rarely so extreme as 
