ON THE GOTHAM MARBLE 
139 
in the specimen figured. The slabs are usually straight, 
but in specimens from one locality at Redland they are 
often curved somewhat. Sometimes spherical concretions, 
of the typical texture, are found embedded in these masses 
of False Gotham Marble. The matrix between large slabs 
and inside shells is often less shelly and even approximates 
to the true Gotham texture. 
Many bars of the False Gotham Marble bear a “ hedge ” 
ensheathing their upturned ends. They never bear 
trees.” 
(b) Mixed Forms (Fig. 3), combining the features of the 
Landscape and False Marbles also occur. In these the 
“ trees ” are always thick and straight, and the “ atmo- 
sphere ” coarse and shelly. The bars of False Gotham 
Marble are often “ hedged ” at their upturned ends. 
(c) Spherical Concretions (Fig. 4). — These are not very 
common, but show the typical texture, and usually “ hedg- 
ing.” They are beautifully concentrically banded. 
(d) Simple Horizontally -banded Beds of the typical 
texture, about 2 inches thick, present the simplest form of 
all. 
I propose to include all the above under the name of 
“ Gotham Marble,” reserving the designation “ Landscape 
Stone ” for the form showing “ trees.” 
Similar Structures from other Horizons. — H. B. Wood- 
ward has collected several, e.g. from the Purbeck, Inferior 
Oolite, and even Garboniferous Limestone. These show 
banding, and a “ hedge,” and an upper surface rather like 
the Landscape Stone. They appear to be concretionary 
in origin (see figures in Woodward’s papers). 
B. Previous Theories as to Mode of Origin. 
i. Owen's Theory — that the markings were due to 
bubbling of entangled gases from the darker lower layers. 
This has been revived by Thompson, and is criticized later. 
