148 
ON THE GOTHAM MARBLE 
represents basement or top beds, the other members having 
been washed away. 
(hi) Double Gotham Marble is formed by a repetition of 
the processes laying down the Landscape Stone, and is of 
local distribution. 
(iv) False Gotham Marble. This was laid down und^r 
exactly the same conditions as the Landscape Stone, between 
which and itself every gradation may be found, except that 
it was formed in the slightly shallower, and therefore slightly 
rougher waters. After the basement beds, or part of them, 
had been laid down, a little movement swept a shelly ooze 
over the surface. Then another chemically formed layer 
followed, to be in its turn covered by the pasty calcareous 
mud. So alternate layers of semi-liquid ooze and of brittle 
solid were formed. Then, in the “ autumnal ” or “ winter ” 
storms, considerable disturbance of the water took place, 
and the still plastic mud yielded to the strain, shifted about, 
and snapped and upheaved the precipitate beds. I have 
specimens showing the lower beds undisturbed, and the 
upper ones bent up just in this way. 
After this disruption came “ spring,” the “ hedge ” 
period, and a “ hedge ” was often deposited on the tops of 
the upturned edges {vide fig. 3). Also, a certain amount 
of recrystallization of the shelly ooze took place inside shells 
and in other sheltered places. 
In t\\Q Mixed Forrns^YmlMig the True and False Marbles, 
the “ atmosphere ” or matrix, is coarse and shelly ; and 
the “ trees ” have thick straight trunks, because here 
actual cracks would be more likely to form, owing partly 
to the shallowness, and partly to the coarser nature of the 
silt. 
Gonclusion. 
The chief objection to the above theory, I take it, will be 
the peculiar combination of circumstances which I have 
