238 
THE AVON AND ITS GKAVELS 
‘ narrow crown ' variety. The ynamel of the plate is very 
much crimped.” This crimping is very characteristic, for, 
although it is to be seen in all forms in some degree, in E. 
antiquus, it amounts to a festooning of the entire enamel. 
Of course, the older and more worn the plate the more pro- 
nounced is the crimping, as the specimen in the author’s 
possession well shows. Moreover, the plates are much 
thicker than are those of E. primigenius, for whereas in 
six inches of tooth an average of twelve plates occur in 
E. primigenius, in E. antiquus eight plates only would be 
found in a similar length. 
The range of E. antiquus was much more restricted 
than that of its successor, E. primigenius. It has not been 
found in Scotland nor Ireland. Yorkshire marks the 
northern limit and Wales the western. In the southern 
and south-eastern counties of England it becomes more 
abundant. The headquarters of this form was the south 
of Europe. E. antiquus and E. meridionalis were pre- 
glacial and contemporary, and both seem to have been 
supplanted by E. primigenius. It would seem as though 
E. antiquus was driven south before the advancing cold, 
and a few stragglers only came back north again as the 
ice cap retreated. It soon afterwards became extinct. 
3. Rhinoceros tichorhinus (or R. antiquitatis of Blumen- 
bach). Teeth of R. tichorhinus are frequently found in the 
gravels. I have six — five of which are from the lower 
and one from the upper jaw. The upper tooth had only just 
pierced the gums, as is evident by the fact that the enamel 
is only worn slightly in one spot. These teeth wear flat 
horizontally, and are more easily described when the crown 
is worn. The three great sinuses are evident — anterior, 
posterior, and median, together with the “ combing plates ” 
on either side of the valley. So too are the strong bounding 
“ columns ” on either side of the sinuses. The nearest 
living species to R. tichorhinus is the African species R. 
