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state ; their having existed being proved only by the discovery 
of their fossil remains. 
4th. That the traces of very few of those species which now exist 
can be discovered in the wreck of a former world. 
5th. That, even in rocks of the newest formation, and in alluvial strata, 
which are comparatively of but modern deposition, the remains 
of extinct animals are as frequently to be found as in what 
are termed Transition Rocks, (those which are supposed to 
contain the first traces of organic remains). 
6th. That there appears to have been no line of separation between 
the creation of species now extinct and of those now existing ; 
since not only the remains of extinct species, but, perhaps, 
of extinct genera, are found with the remains of species 
very similar to, if not exactly agreeing with, species known in 
a recent state. 
7th. That many of the pebbles found in gravel-pits, on the shores 
of rivers, and on the sea-beach, do not appear to have been 
bowldered down to the form in which they are now found ; but 
that, on the contrary, their present forms are precisely those 
which they at first derived from the silicious impregnation of 
different animals which existed in the former ocean. 
8th. That, judging from the original delicacy of structure in these 
bodies, and from the little injury which they have sustained, it 
appears reasonable to suppose that this solidification was effected, 
in several instances, previous to the removal of the waters 
from their former bed. 
