OF TEMPERATURE AT TORONTO IN CANADA. 
163 
it is necessary to bear in mind that the thermometer at Toronto was about 342 feet 
above the sea-level, equivalent, as usually estimated, to a diminution of rather more 
than 1° of Fahr. on account of vertical elevation. Dove’s normal temperatures are 
all reduced to the sea-level, and when the monthly temperatures at Toronto have 
undergone the same reduction, the thermic anomaly indicated by them is diminished 
to about 1° in July and August, but in February still reaches the large amount of 10° ; 
in both respects therefore confirming Dove’s conclusion, that the summers of North 
America are not warmer than is due to their latitude, whilst the winters are much 
colder. 
Table VI. 
Showing the mean monthly and annual temperatures in each of the twelve years 
from 1841 to 1852 inclusive, and the average monthly and annual temperatures in 
the whole period. Also the mean or normal temperature of the several months in the 
latitude of 43° 40' N., taken from Dove’s ‘ Verbreitung der Warme,’ and the ‘ Thermic 
Anomaly,’ shown by the observations at Toronto. 
Years. 
January. 
Feb. 
March. 
AprU. 
May. 
June. 
July. 
August. 
Sept. 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Dee. 
Mean 
annual 
tempe- 
rature. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844. 
1845. 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
1849. 
1850. 
1851. 
1852. 
25- 6 
27- 9 
28- 7 
20-2 
26- 6 
26-7 
23-3 
28-7 
18-5 
29*7 
25-5 
18-4 
22- 4 
26-9 
14-5 
26-0 
26-0 
20- 4 
21- 5 
26-6 
19-5 
26-0 
27-6 
23- 4 
2^7 
35-8 
21-3 
31- 3 
35-4 
3.3-1 
26-2 
28-6 
33-5 
29-8 
32- 4 
27-7 
39- 2 
43- 1 
40- 9 
47-5 
42-1 
44- 0 
39-2 
41- 3 
39-0 
37- 9 
41-3 
38- 2 
50- 5 
49-1 
49-1 
53- 6 
49-6 
55-5 
54- 4 
54-1 
48-0 
47-6 
51- 3 
51-4 
65-6 
55-6 
58- 4 
59- 9 
61-0 
63-3 
58- 4 
62- 9 
63- 2 
64- 3 
59- 2 
60- 8 
65- 0 
64-7 
64- 5 
66- 0 
66-2 
68-0 
68-0 
65- 5 
68-4 
68-9 
65- 0 
66- 8 
64- 4 
65- 7 
66- 4 
64- 3 
67- 9 
68- 4 
65- 1 
69- 2 
66- 3 
66-8 
63-6 
65-9 
61-3 
55- 7 
59- 1 
58-6 
56- 0 
63-6 
55- 6 
54-2 
58-2 
56- 5 
60- 0 
57- 5 
41-6 
45- 1 
41-8 
43- 3 
46- 4 
44- 6 
44- 0 
46- 3 
45- 3 
45-4 
47- 4 
48- 0 
35- 0 
33-3 
33- 5 
34- 9 
36- 8 
41- 3 
38-6 
34-5 
42- 6 
38-8 
32-9 
36-0 
28- 7 
24-7 
30-0 
28-2 
21-1 
27-5 
30- 1 
29- 1 
26-5 
21-7 
21-5 
31- 9 
43-92 
43- 96 
42- 35 
44- 48 
44- 58 
46-36 
43- 70 
45- 08 
44- 09 
44-45 
43-98 
43-84 
Means in I 
12 years, j 
24-97 
23-40 
30-23 
41-14 
51-18 
61-05 
66-41 
66-16 
58-02 
44-93 
36-51 
26-75 
44-23 
Normal 'j 
tempera- 
tures in , 
latitude 
43°40'N.J 
32-8 
34-7 
40-1 
50-2 
58-1 
64-6 
68-7 
68-5 
61-5 
53-8 
43-2 
36-0 
51-0 
‘ Thermic i 
Anomaly’ | 
at r 
Toronto. J 
-7-8 
-11-3 
-9*9 
-9-1 
-6-9 
-3-5 
-2-3 
-2-3 
-3-5 
-8-9 
-6-7 
-9-2 
-6-8 
Plate XI. represents the five-day means in the twelve years, both as computed from 
the monthly means, and as given by the actual averages of every five days ; the 
darker line shows the computed and the fainter line the observed five-day means. 
The darker line consequently shows the mean march of the temperature, the fainter 
