47 
ter Elm, as it was raised in a nursery in Exeter about ninety years 
ago. This tree has little beauty. More beautiful and interesting is a 
geographical form of the European Ulmus nitens (var. stricta). This 
is the common Elm in Cornwall and some parts of Devonshire, and is 
usually called the Cornish Elm. It is a tree sometimes eighty feet 
tall with a trunk occasionally five feet in diameter, with short ascend- 
ing upper branches and lower branches curving upward. A tree which 
is often considered now a form of the Cornish Elm (var. Wheatleyi) 
has a similar habit and is usually called the Guernsey Elm. It some- 
times appears in nursery catalogues under the name of Ulmus cam- 
pestris monumentalis. The European Crataegus monogyna has produced 
vars. stricta and monumentalis. The former is a tree with a broad 
head of erect branches, and can be seen in the old Crataegus Collec- 
tion next to the parkway wall. The latter, which is a narrower and 
strictly pyramidal plant, is new in the Arboretum. A fastigiate form 
of the European Horsechestnut ( Aesculus Hippocastanum, var. pyram- 
idalis ) has appeared in a European nursery but is not yet in the Ar- 
boretum. 
Fastigiate Conifers. In the pinetum are young trees of the White 
Pine ( Pinus Strobus, var. fastigiata ) with erect branches which give 
the trees a peculiar and distinct appearance. They were raised from 
grafts taken from a tree which was growing a few years ago near 
Stamford, Connecticut. The Scotch Pine ( Pinus sylvestris), which 
shows a strong tendency to seminal and geographical variation, has 
also produced a fastigiate form (var. pyramidalis). The so-called 
Swedish Juniper is a narrow, dwarf pyramidal form of the common 
Juniper ( Juniperis communis, var. suecica). This little Juniper is not 
very hardy in this part of the country but is often planted in the mid- 
dle states. The handsomest pyramidal coniferous plant, however, in 
the Arboretum is a form of Thuya occidentalis (var. pyramidalis) 
raised sometime before 1885 by Robert Douglas in his nursery at Wau- 
kegan, Illinois. It is a tall narrow plant suited to replace although 
much smaller of course, the fastigiate Cypress which plays such a 
part in the decoration of the gardens of southern Europe. This Arbor 
Vitae is sold in some American nurseries as Thuya occidentalis pyram- 
idalis Douglasii. The common Spruce ( Picea Abies) has produced 
many abnormal seminal forms and among them are at least two with 
erect branches (var. columnaris and var. pyramidalis). A few indi- 
viduals of these varieties were found many years ago in European 
forests and the cultivated plants have probably been propagated from 
these wild plants. Less important are two dwarf pyramidal forms of 
the European Fir ( Abies Picea, var. columnaris, and var. pyramidalis). 
The Lawson Cypress from the Pacific Coast ( Chamaecyparis Lawsoni- 
ana) is another tree which shows great variation in its seedling off- 
spring. Among them is a distinctly pyramidal form which appeared 
in an English nursery many years ago and is known as Cupressus 
Lawsoniana erecta viridis. Like all the forms of the Lawson Cypress 
it is not hardy in the neighborhood of Boston. The so-called Irish 
Yew, a pyramidal form of the European Yew ( Taxus baccata, var. fas- 
tigiata), of which there is a yellow-leaved variety, is a popular garden 
