48 
plant in all countries where it is hardy. Unfortunately this interesting- 
tree is not able to support the New England climate. This is true of 
the erect garden form of the Japanese Cephalotaxus ( pedunculata , 
var. fastigiata). 
Of these twenty-eight plants with abnormally erect growing branches 
five in two genera are North American, one only is Asiatic, and twen- 
ty-two are European, the Cornish Elm, which is not an abnormal tree 
but a geographical variety, being omitted. The predominance of ab- 
normal forms among European trees is due, no doubt, to the fact that 
European trees have been raised artificially from seeds for a longer 
time and in greater numbers than those from other countries, and that 
European cultivators of trees have been keener than others to propa- 
gate and detect plants of abnormal habit and foliage. It is less easy 
to explain the absence of fastigiate trees from such largely cultivated 
genera as Fraxinus, Catalpa, Prunus, Magnolia, Salix and Tsuga. Of 
our common Hemlock in this last genus there are a number of dwarf 
forms and forms with abnormal foliage, but among them none has yet 
appeared with erect growing branches. 
Tilia vulgaris. As a rule European trees do not grow as well in this 
part of the country as the native species or those from eastern Asia 
of the same genus. Many specimens of one of the European Elms 
have lived in Massachusetts for a number of years, however, and have 
grown here into large and splendid trees, and the European Beech 
becomes a better tree than the American Beech when this is trans- 
planted from the forest to the park. One of the European Lindens is 
another exception to the general rule that native trees are better trees 
to plant than exotic trees, for the best Lindens that have been planted 
near Boston are trees of Tilia vulgaris which is now in flower. This 
tree is sometimes also called T. europaea, T. intermedia and T. hybrida, 
and is considered by some of the best observers of European trees a 
natural hybrid between the two species of western Europe, T. platy- 
phyllos and T. cordata. Although widely distributed in Europe, Tilia 
vulgaris appears to be much less common than either of its supposed 
parents, and the variation in the size, shape and color of the leaves 
makes its hybrid origin possible. On some individuals the lower sur- 
face of the leaves is quite green and on others it is bluish or even 
whitish, but leaves on different parts of the same branch differ in this 
respect, and on shoots produced from the bases of old trees the large 
leaves are quite green. It is a fine, round-headed tree with rather 
small, somewhat pendulous branches, and appears to have been more 
often planted in the neighborhood of Boston than any other Linden. 
There are a number of large specimens on Centre Street near Orchard 
Street, Jamaica Plain, and in Olmsted Park, and large individuals can 
be found in all the suburbs of Boston. The young Lindens which have 
been recently planted on Huntington Avenue and on Louis Pasteur 
Avenue in Boston are of this variety. 
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