THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
upper wing-coverts white, the outer ones black fringed with white ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts, and flight-quills black with a small white spot on the outer webs 
and a larger white patch on the inner webs of the quills, the outer webs of some of the 
secondaries almost entirely white ; tail blackish, outermost feather on each side for 
the most part white ; fore-part of head silky-white ; lores and fore-part of cheeks 
blackish ; throat, fore-neck, breast, sides of body, and abdomen orange-red ; vent, 
lower flanks, and under tail-coverts white ; thighs grey ; axillaries and under wing- 
coverts blackish with white tips ; under-surface of quills blackish with a white 
patch towards the base ; lower aspect of tail also blackish ; the outermost pair 
of feathers for the most part white. Eyes, bill and feet black. Total length 130 
mm. ; culmen 10, wing 82, tail 54, tarsus 21. Figured. Collected at Bayswater, 
Victoria, on the 9th of July, 1910. 
Adult female. General colour above dark rust-brown, including the head, sides of the 
face, hind-neck, back, upper tail-coverts, lesser and median upper wing-coverts, 
the greater series, bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and flight-quills blackish-brown, 
the fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh primary- quills marked with white on the outer 
web and edged with white on the inner one, the secondaries banded with isabefline 
towards the base and along the margins of the outer webs towards the tips ; tail 
also blackish-brown, the outermost feather on each side extensively marked with 
white, the shaft remaining dark and the next pair edged with the same, along the 
outer web ; the short feathers at the base of the bill buffy-white ; throat buffy- 
white ; breast and sides of the body greyish-brown ; centre of abdomen, vent, 
and under tail-coverts whitish ; thighs dark grey ; axillaries and under wing- 
coverts buff ; under-surface of flight-quills hair-brown with an oblique patch of 
white towards the base ; lower aspect of tail similar to the quill-lining ; the outer 
feather on each side for the most part white. About the same size as the male. 
Figured. Collected at Olinda, Victoria, on the 15th of April, 1911. 
Immature. General colour of the upper-surface dark rust-brown including the top of 
the head, sides of the face, sides of the neck, hind-neck, entire back, upper tail- 
coverts, and lesser upper wing-coverts, median and greater series blackish, more 
or less margined with rust-brown ; bastard-wing, primaiy-co verts and flight-quills 
blackish, with an isabefline patch at the base of the secondaries and the outer edges 
of some of the primaries and secondaries partially marked with the same colour, 
the inner webs marked with white at the base ; tail blackish, the outer feather on 
each side for the most part white with a dark shaft, the next one narrowly edged 
with white on the outer web ; the short feathers at the base of the fore-head buff ; 
throat, breast, abdomen, and sides of the body, pale umber-brown, paler and becoming 
pale isabelline-buff on the vent and under tail-coverts ; axillaries and under wing- 
coverts dark reddish-buff ; under-surface of flight-quills hair-brown, with an oblique 
white patch on the basal portion ; lower aspect of tail also hair-brown with the 
outer feather on each side for the most part white. Collected at Selby, Victoria, on 
the 8th of April, 1912. 
Nestling. General colour above smoke-brown, with whitish shaft-lines to the feathers ; 
greater upper wing-coverts fringed with buff at the tips ; bastard- wing, primary- 
coverts, and flight-quills dark brown with buff edges to the outer webs ; tail also 
dark brown with white tips to the outermost feathers ; throat, breast, and abdomen 
very pale smoke-brown inclining to whitish on the vent, under tail-coverts, and 
under wing-coverts. Collected at Selby, Victoria, on the 20th of October, 1912. 
Nest. Cup-shaped. Composed outwardly of fine strips of bark, grass and rootlets and 
coated with spiders’ web ; and lined with fur and soft stuff from ferns, etc. 
Measurements outside 4 inches by 2|- deep ; inside If inches by 1| deep. 
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