ME.  G.  GOEE  ON  THE  PEOPEETIES  OF  ELECTEO-DEPOSITED  ANTIMONY.  195 
of  the  two  deposits ; and  by  repeated  experiments  with  two  perfectly  similar  batteries, 
one  for  depositing  the  metal,  and  the  other  for  determining  the  loss  of  zinc  by  ordinary 
chemical  action,  and  deducting  the  average  loss  of  zinc  in  the  cells  of  the  idle  battery 
from  that  occun-ing  in  those  of  the  working  one,  and  excluding,  as  far  as  possible,  all 
other  sources  of  error,  I found  in  one  experiment  that  for  every  32 '6  parts  of  zinc  dis- 
solved, 43 ’38  parts  of  amorphous  antimony  were  deposited  in  the  solution  of  tartar-emetic 
and  dilute  hydrochloric  acid;  in  a second  experiment  43‘61  parts  of  antimony  were 
deposited;  and  in  a third  experiment  43-71  parts;  and  of  grey  antimony,  from  the 
tartaric  acid  solution,  41-1  parts. 
To  exclude  the  possibility  of  difference  of  local  action  in  the  two  batteries,  I arranged 
three  depositing  liquids  in  succession,  viz.  1st,  the  saturated  solution  of  chloride  of  anti- 
mony (^.  e.  saturated  with  antimony  by  means  of  a battery);  2nd,  a solution  composed 
of  4 parts  of  sulphate  of  copper,  dissolved  in  a mixture  of  1 part  of  pure  sulphuric  acid 
and  20  parts  of  distilled  water;  and  3rd,  the  tartaric  acid  solution  of  tartar-emetic.  A 
current  from  twelve  pairs  of  zinc  and  silver  batteries  was  passed  through  these  hquids  by 
suitable  electrodes  of  copper  and  antimony,  and  the  weights  of  the  respective  deposits, 
after  washing  and  drying,  ascertained;  and  I found  in  the  following  experiments  that 
for  31 '7  parts  of  copper  deposited  in  the  sulphate  solution,  the  weight  of  perfect  crystal- 
line deposit  varied  from  40-41  to  40-797  parts,  and  of  perfect  amorphous  deposit,  from 
42-304  to  43-813  parts. 
Crystalline  deposit. 
No.  1.  40-41  parts. 
No.  2.  40-612  parts. 
A No.  3.  40-659  parts. 
B No.  4.  40-707  parts. 
No.  5.  40-797  parts. 
Amorphous  deposit. 
No.  1.  42-304  parts. 
No.  2.  43-112  parts. 
No.  3.  43-160  parts. 
A No.  4.  43-170  parts. 
No.  5.  43-199  parts. 
B No.  6.  43-428  parts. 
No.  7.  43-813  parts. 
Nos.  3 of  grey  deposit,  and  4 of  amorphous  deposit,  were  formed  by  the  same  current ; 
and  Nos.  4 of  grey  and  6 of  amorphous  deposit,  were  also  formed  by  one  current. 
Nos.  1 of  grey,  and  3 and  7 of  amorphous  deposit,  were  formed  upon  copper  wire  helices, 
kept  in  a state  of  constant  motion ; No.  7 being  formed  by  very  slow  action. 
49.  In  a separate  experiment,  with  a two-pau’S  battery,  the  equivalent  of  crystalline 
metal  obtained  was  40-728,  and  of  amorphous  metal  43-989 ; and  in  a very  reliable  experi- 
ment with  a moving  helix,  the  equivalent  obtained  of  amorphous  antimony  was  43-284. 
With  a one-pair  battery,  an  equivalent  of  44-95  parts  of  amorphous  metal  was  obtained. 
50.  One  source  of  variation  in  the  resulting  numbers  of  the  dark  variety  appeared  to 
arise  from  particles  of  the  depositing  liquid  being  mechanically  enclosed  within  the 
depositing  metal,  chiefly  by  the  formation  of  minute  cracks  and  scales ; these  were,  as 
far  as  possible,  prevented  by  using  cathodes  formed  of  wire,  maintaining  a uniform  tem- 
2 D 2 
