722 
SIE  CHAELES  LTELL  ON  THE  STETJCTTJEE  OE  LATAS 
Fig.  7. — Outline  of  the  two  cones  o/'1852  near  the  foot  of  Giannicola,  as  seen  from  the  south. 
A.  Lower  part  of  Giannicola  Grande. 
i.  Upper  cone,  No.  2 of  Plate  L. 
c.  Lower  cone  called  Centenario,  No.  3 of  Plate  L. 
d.  Commencement  of  the  current  of  lava  of  1852. 
Fig.  8. — Position  of  the  two  cones  and  of  the  lava  q/"  1852-53  m the  Val  del  Pove,  as  seen  from  dbove. 
a.  Part  of  Giannicola  Grande.  g.  Giannicola  Piccola. 
h,  c,  d.  Same  as  in  fig.  7.  h,  h.  Concazze. 
e.  Monte  Einocchio  Inferiore.  i,  i.  Serra  del  Solfizio.] 
f.  Eocca  Musara. 
The  inferior  and  largest  of  the  two  cones  was  named  the  Centenario,  from  a centenary 
fete  which  the  Catanians  were  then  celebrating.  It  vomited  on  the  21st  of  August,  and 
for  the  sixteen  succeeding  days,  incessant  showers  of  sand,  scorise  and  lapilli,  with  occa- 
sionally huge  blocks  of  lava,  building  up  a truncated  cone,  which  became  at  length 
about  500  feet  high  on  its  eastern  side,  or  the  side  towards  the  Val  del  Boac.  and 
measured  nearly  1000  feet  diameter  at  its  base.  The  first  day  (21st)  the  la^a  ran  in 
eight  hours  to  the  Dagala  dei  Zappini  (see  Map,  Plate  L.),  or  about  4000  metres  (two 
and  a half  English  miles  in  a direct  line,  according  to  S.  v.  Waltershausex’s  ‘Atlas  ’). 
On  the  22nd  it  reached  the  Sciara  di  Femina  Morta,  or  laA-a  of  1284  (north-east  of  the 
Portella,  Plate  L.,  now  covered  by  the  lava  of  1852),  and  then  changmg  its  direction 
from  east  to  south,  flowed  towards  Zafarana.  On  the  29th  it  came  near  Ballo,  and  on 
the  30th  and  31st  crossed  the  mouths  of  the  valleys  of  S.  Giacomo  and  Cava  Secca,  and 
continued  for  five  days,  scarcely  advancing,  but  menacing  Zafarana,  till  finally  it  halted 
Avithin  144  Sicilian  canne,  or  about  a quarter  of  a mile  of  that  toAvn.  The  whole  descent 
from  the  base  of  the  Centenario  to  Zafarana  may  be  about  3500  feet. 
