748 
DE. SMITH OH THE ELIMINATION 
amount of exertion was duly estimated. The month of August and part of September 
were spent at the sea-side, when there was a little increase of food and exertion. 
The aim in this part of the inquiry was to determine the amount of urea and urinary 
water eliminated throughout the year, under the ordinary conditions of a uniform and 
active life, and therefore under those to which the mass of mankind are subjected. 
The urine was passed at three prescribed periods, viz. on going to bed, on rising, and 
again immediately before breakfast, and also at other periods of the day ai; necessity 
requhed. The greatest care was taken^that not the least portion was lost at any time ; 
and during the alvine evacuation a separate vessel was used. It was commonly passed 
into tall graduated glasses, and the quantity read off to T fl. oz., either immediately 
or on recording the whole quantity emitted to a certain period ; but when travelling -1 
part of each quantity was reserved, and a mixture of the whole was submitted to exami- 
nation. The record was commonly completed on the following morning, including the 
quantity, appearance, specific gravity, and temperature of the urine and the temperature 
of the air ; and the analyses for urea, chloride of sodium, and free acid were then made, 
but sometimes they were deferred to the second, and in winter occasionally to the third 
day. The quantity in each twenty-four hours was made up to 8 A.M., and an addition or 
subtraction was made when the night urine was passed before or after that hour, 
according to the rate at which it was then secreted. 
The weight of the faeces was recorded, with the hours of evacuation ; and during a part 
of the inquiry the weight of the naked body was ascertained, after the emission of mine, 
night and morning. Certain experiments were made during fasting, as to the influence 
of water and other ingesta over the excretion of urine and urinary water in the morn- 
ing, and the dates and results of such experiments were recorded. Hence this series of 
inquiries furnishes the amount and kind of ingesta, the quantity of urea and urinary 
water, and certain other characteristics of the urine, the weight of the faeces and of the 
body, and the relations of these to each other, and to the cycle of the day and year, 
with the effect of certain special articles of food upon the urine. I am 6 feet 11^ inches 
high, about 190 lbs. weight, in good health, and fleshy, and was forty-one years of age 
in the middle of the inquiry. 
The second series of experiments were made upon four prisoners in Coldbath Fields 
Prison (by the courtesy of the Board of Visiting Justices, and with the valuable aid 
of Mr. IAaibeet, one of the officers of the prison), who worked the treadwheel on three 
days per week, and did light and routine work on the alternate days. They had been 
some months in prison, and were in fair health. Their ages varied from twenty-two to 
forty-two years, their weight from 115 to 133 lbs., and their height from 5 feet 2 ^ inches 
to 5 feet 7 inches. They had long been placed upon the full prison dietary, consisting 
of cocoa and bread for breakfast, meat, potatoes, and bread for dinner, and gruel and 
bread for supper, and three of them gained weight a httle during the inquiry. 
The urine of each prisoner was collected separately up to certain prescribed hours, 
and the weight of the faeces, with the hour of evacuation, was recorded. 
The usual food was allowed throughout the inquiry, with the following variations - 
