OF UREA AKD UEINAET WATEE. 
791 
the Table to be almost immediate ; and hence it is possible that it might be due to 
some unexplained agency, and the subsequent emission should be regarded as the 
maximum. 
The effect upon the urinary water •was not precisely parallel to that upon urea; 
but in the instances in which water caused the largest emission of urea it also caused 
the largest emission of urinary water. The greatest increase, viz. 760 per cent., occurred 
in an experiment with water ; but in that experiment the basis quantity was unusually 
high, and the increase in the rate of elimination of urea was proportionately small. 
The least increase occurred with coffee]and black dose ; and tea caused a greater increase 
of ui’inary water than coffee, although they eliminated urea at precisely the same rate. 
All these experiments agree "with the foregoing in demonstrating the great activity of 
the urinary function in the morning hours. 
On several occasions I drank 1^ oz. of alcohol with 4|- oz. of water between 8 and 
9 a.m., and deferred the breakfast for two hours. The effect in different experiments 
was to cause ■within 1-^ hour the following increase in the elimination of urea and 
rndnary water. 
T.able XXI. — Sho'wing the early effect of Alcohol and Water without food over 
the rate of emission of Urea and Urinary Water. 
' 
18G0. 
May 14. 
May 16. 
May 19. 
May 21. 
May 24. 
Urea, grs < 
Water, fl. oz - 
■ 
Basis 
Maximum ... 
Basis 
Maximum ... 
l6-3 
33 
1-58 
5-47 
20-1 
27*7 
1-57 
9-27 
21 
33-6 
1-06 
6*92 
24-7 
31-9 
2-6 
17 
17-2 
24-5 
M5 
7-3 
Increase per cent. 
Urea, grs 
102 
38 
108 
30 
43 
Urinary water, oz 

246 
554 
553 
553 
534 
Tlie increase in the rate of elimination of urea varied much, but in two-fifths it was 
more than equal to a much larger quantity of water taken alone. In one instance, in 
which the increase was small, the absolute quantity and the basis quantity were both 
high, whilst in another experiment the absolute quantity was low. 
The uniform effect upon the rate of elimination of water is most striking ; for, if we 
except the first experiment, the increase was almost uniformly 550 per cent. This is 
too remarkable and too often repeated to be merely a coincidence, and it is probable 
that it may represent the true effect of alcohol when taken in the morning and alone, 
as above indicated. 
Bread and fluids . — Another series of experiments demonstrate the effect of a diet 
of only bread and water and tea and coffee over the hourly elimination of urea and 
urinary water. They were made on consecutive days in February I860, and comprehend 
one day on bread and water, one on bread and tea, one on bread and coffee, and a fourth 
