or UEEA AND DEINAEY WATEE. 
829 
The weekly averages varied from 428 to 715 grs. daily, and the monthly from 451 to 
665 grs. daily. 
The average daily excretion of urinary water was 53T fl. oz. [on the average of two 
years 51’2 fl. oz.], or •28fl. oz. to each lb. of body-weight. The extremes were 23"5 
and 92'67 fl. oz. daily, or T23 to '487 fl. oz. to each lb, of body-weight. 
The quantities of between 40 and 60 fl. oz. were foimd m 52 ’7 per cent, of the obser- 
vations, but those between 40 and 50, 50 and 60, and 60 and 70 oz. were found respect- 
ively in 26’2, 26'5, and 22’4 per cent. 
Large quantities were always followed, or immediately preceded, by small ones. Daily 
alternations in quantity were observed. Waves of increase and decrease, or mce versa, 
were common ; and sometimes there was a progressive increase or decrease, or the quan- 
tity remained very high for some days. The daily variations were very great. 
4. The relation in the quantity of urea and urinary water varied much ; but with 
increasing decades of ounces of urine there was increasing quantity of urea. The average 
quantity of urea in 55 oz. of urine passed daily was 9*4 grs. to each ounce ; but with 25 oz. 
it was double that amount per ounce, whilst with an equal quantity in the direction of 
increase, \*iz. from 55 to 85 oz. per day, the decrease in the urea per ounce was only 25 
per cent. Hence, from a medium standard, the quantity of urea in an ounce of urine 
decreases much less with increase of urine than it increases with decrease of urine. 
5. The average amount of urea per hour, in the twenty-fonr hours, was 21‘7 grs., 
whilst that of the night was only 16 ’5 grs., and the basis quantity was 20-3 grs.; but 
that passed to midday was 25-5 grs. The average of the whole day being the standard, 
the decrease at night was 24 per cent., and of the “ basis quantity ” 6'4^per cent., whilst 
the increase to midday was \1\ per cent. 
The greatest number of exceptions occurred with the “ basis quantities so that, the 
higher the “ basis quantity ” on the whole average, the greater was the amount of urine 
evolved on the preceding day. 
The “basis quantity” cannot be used as a measure of the total quantity of urea on 
the same day. 
There were two maxima of elimination of urea and urine, at 1 p.m. and 9 p.m., after 
breakfast and tea, (the former being the highest,) and an intervening low period from 
2 to 5 o’clock after dinner. 
In the examination at each quarter of an hour, the maximum emission of 54’6 grs. of 
urea and 13'5 oz. of urine occuiTed at 12f p.m., three and a quarter hours after breakfast. 
There was a gradual ascent to, and descent from, the maximum ; but during the hour 
of maximum elimination the increase was proportionately greater, and in one instance 
was at the rate of 21 oz. per hour. 
6. The relations of urinary water to period of the day are similar to those of urea. 
The average rate of the whole day was 2'21 fl. oz., of the night 1T9 fl. oz., the “basis 
quantity” 2‘65 oz., and to midday 4‘41. The decrease of the night and the basis 
quantity from that of the whole day was 46 and 7 '2 per cent., and the increase to mid- 
day 100 per cent. 
5 T 2 
