830 
DE. SMITH ON THE ELIMINATION 
The lines representing the quantity of urea eliminated per hour during the day, and 
those in each fluid ounce of urine are opposed, and the most so in the morning, but they 
meet during the night. 
7. When, during a fast from food, water is taken at the usual meal-hours during the day, 
it causes an elimina tion of urea and urinary water, precisely as if food had been taken, both 
in degree and progression. There were two maxima after the breakfast- and tea-hours, 
but no increase after the dinner-hour. The maximum was 34’5 grs. of urea, and 11^ oz. 
of urine in one hour and a half after having drunk the water at the breakfast period ; and 
the minimum was 5 ’3 grs. of urea, and 1‘36 oz. of urine at 5 p.m., before the tea hour. 
With water taken at 8f , 9|, and 11 A.M., without any food, and the urine passed every 
quarter of an hour, there was a maximum elimination of urea in three-quarters of an 
hour after the first and third, and in half an hour after the second dose. The maximum 
elimination of urine occurred in one hour after the first, and in three-quarters of an hour 
after the second and third doses. The three maxima were, urea 35T4, 35'22, and 32 grs.; 
urine 21 ’6, 21*2, and 19 ‘4 fl. oz. per hour. 
When 8 oz. of water were taken alone at about 9 a.m., the maximum elimination was 
in one or one and a half hour ; but when 3 oz. of bread, or 2 oz. of gluten bread were 
added, it did not occur in less than three hours. When tea or cofiee were added, 
it occurred in one and two hours, and in two hours after taking black dose. 
The maximum increase of urea within three hours from water was from 65 to 104 
per cent., but from tea and coffee it was 59 and 58 per cent. The increase in the urine 
varied from 260 to 640 per cent, with water, 200 per cent, with black dose, and 200 
and 350 per cent, uflth coffee and tea, the “ basis quantity ” being the standard. 
8. 6 oz. of alcohol and water (1-|^ to 4^ oz.) caused within two hours an increase of 
urea from 38 to 108 per cent., and of urine from 246 to 554 per cent. The increase of 
the two was not parallel. 
9. With a diet of 34 oz. of bread and 48 oz. of water alone, and then with 300 grs. 
of tea, and again with 2 oz. of coffee added, the hourly progression was the same as with 
ordinary food, except that with tea and coffee the maximum elimination was reduced, 
and the quantity evolved late at night was largely increased ; in other words, the elimina- 
tion of urea was defeived some hours. The maxima of urea were 29'3 grs., 24-6 grs., 
and 25’4 grs., with water, tea, and coffee, in their order. The total quantity of urea 
evolved was 442, 467, and 493 grs. daily, in the same order. 
10. The largest average elimination of urea occurred on Sunday, with some increase of 
food and rest, in myself, in whom there is commonly an excess of nutritive material ; but 
the least elimination was then found in the prisoners without change of food and with 
rest, in whom there is, with a good dietary, a tendency to defect of food ; and then also 
an increased quantity of nitrogen was found in the faeces. In myself the excess of urea 
was 14-4 grs. when compared with all the days of the year, and 67'9 grs. when com- 
pared with 191 days on which there was no known cause of variation. The daily excre- 
tion on Sundays of between 700 and 800 grs. was 3‘4, and between 600 and 700 grs. 13T 
per cent, more frequent than on all days combined. The elimination of urea decreased 
