or THE VOMEE, ETHMOID, AJ^D INTEEMAXILLAET BONES. 
319 
d, external pterygoid plate ; e, palate-bone ; orbital surface of sphenoidal 
spongy bone ; g, the space between the orbital and sphenoidal processes of 
the palate-bone, bridged over by the sphenoidal spongy bone. 
B and C. Left sphenoidal spongy bone ; viewed in B from its external, and in 
C from its superior aspect : — a, superior portion ; 5, orbital portion ; c, infe- 
rior portion. 
Fig. 4. A. Vomer, with the portions of the palate, maxillary, and intermaxillary bones 
with which it was articulated : — «, the process which rests upon the inter- 
maxillaries ; 5, the process which descends behind the intermaxillaries. 
B. Vomer from a foetus: — a, 5, c, the margins for articulation with the palate, 
maxillary, and intermaxillary bones respectively. 
Fig. 5. Diagram of the vomer, ethmoid, and sphenoidal spongy bones of the human 
subject, with the vomer and ethmoid of the Sheep represented in dotted lines. 
The superior edge a of the human ethmoid corresponds to the edge a' of 
the Sheep’s ethmoid; while c is the sphenoidal spongy bone rendered neces- 
sary in the human subject to fill up the space between d' and d. 
Fig. 6. A. Posterior extremity of the vomer in the Orang. 
B. The same in the Chimpanzee. 
C. The same in the Gorilla. 
Fig. 7. Bones from the Cat. 
A. Vomer and ethmoid seen from below: — a, margin of vomer for articulation 
with the maxillaries ; J, d, ethmovomerine laminae. 
B and C. Views of the presphenoid from the front and from behind. 
D. Portion of base of skull of a new-born kitten : — a, intermaxillaries ; d, vomer ; 
c, presphenoidal centrum ; d, postsphenoidal centrum ; e, basioccipital ; f, 
ethmoidal turbinations ; g, pterygoid ; A, tympanic. 
Fig. 8. Vomer and ethmoid of the Fox: — a, ethmovomerine laminae ; A, margin of vomer 
for articulation with the maxillaries and palatals ; c, margin for articulation 
with the intermaxillaries ; d, groove corresponding to the upper part of the 
nasal foramen of the palate-bone. 
Fig. 9. Intermaxillaries of JJrsus maritimus. 
A. Inferior aspect. 
B. Superior aspect : — a, maxillary ; A, mesial-palatine process of intermaxillary ; 
c, incisive foramen ; d, foramen peculiarly ursine ; e, vomer. 
Fig. 10. Vomer and ethmoid of Phoca vitulina : — a, vomerine groove ; A, lateral mass of 
the ethmoid ; c, central plate ; d, expanded superior margin of central plate. 
Fig. 11. Part of the skull of the Hedgehog: — a, frontal; A, nasals; c, left intermax- 
illary ; d, vomer, with right ethmovomerine lamina removed ; e, flat inferior 
margin of the central plate of the ethmoid ; f, presphenoid ; g, groove on the 
left ethmovomerine lamina corresponding to the nasal foramen of the palate- 
bone. 
