SOME OE THE ^IMLiLS FED AND SLAUGHTEEED AS HUMAN FOOD. 525 
of these animals which will be consumed as human food. In the case of Pigs, a larger 
proportion of the total nitrogenous parts of the Offal will be consumed; an amount 
indeed more than equivalent to that in the bones of the Carcass, supposed to be not con- 
sumed. It results in fact upon the whole, that there would appear to be a larger pro- 
portion of the total nitrogen of the body of the Pig consumed, than of that of the other 
animals. But, as has been seen in the Pig, the percentage in the body of that total 
nitrogen is less, and the percentage of the fat greater than in the other cases. The Offal 
parts enumerated as eaten, are of themselves associated with very little fat; so that, 
such food, which is chiefly used by the poorer classes, would be highly nitrogenous, if 
not combined with extraneous fatty matter. In cooking, it is generally so combined. 
Moreover, the classes which consume the most of the internal organs of slaughtered 
animals, are also those which consume the larger proportion of Pig-meat, in which the 
proportion of the fat to nitrogenous substances is higher than in any other description. 
It is obseiwable, that with their- larger percentage of nitrogenous substance and less 
percentage of fat, the collective Offal parts have invariably a less percentage of total dry 
substance, and therefore a larger proportion of water, than the collective Carcass parts. 
The next point to consider is the collective composition of the entire animal^ as it stands 
at the time of being slaughtered. The information on this head will be found in the 
third and last dhision of Table VII. 
The marked diminution in the percentage of mineral matter as the animal fattens, 
which was observed in reference to the composition of the Carcasses, is clearly illustrated 
in that of the Entire Animals, notwithstanding the inclusion here of the Offal ash, in 
which was contained the incombustible impm-ity of the hair or wool. 
We should judge from the figures, that from ^ to 4 per cent, (according to breed 
and condition) of the standing fasted weight of a fattened Ox will be mineral matter. 
The proportion in Sheep appears to be less. Excluding the adventitious matter of the 
wool, it would probably be often as little as 2^ and seldom more than 3 per cent, of the 
fasted weight. In Pigs, the proportion of mineral matter is still less. We should 
gather, that in a well-fattened animal of good breed, it would amount to only l^ per 
cent., or even less, of its standing fasted live-weight. In a young unfattened Pig, there 
were 2-67 per cent, of mineral matter ; but in an animal of a worse breed, or in a leaner 
condition still, we should judge that there might be 3 per cent. As an average estimate 
of the mmeral matter in store animals, sold off or brought on the farm, we should be 
disposed to adopt 4^ to 5 per cent, of their live-weight for Bullocks, 3 to per cent, 
for Sheep, and 2^ to 3 per cent, for Pigs. As an average estimate for the mmeral 
matter m fattened animals so far as the data at command enable us to form an opinion, 
we should take 3i to 4 per cent, of their live-weight for Calves and Bullocks, 2^ to 2| 
per cent, for Sheep and Lambs, and 1|^ to If per cent, for Pigs. 
Of total nitrogenous compounds, as well as total mineral matter, the beef-yielding 
animals contain in parallel conditions, rather more than Sheep, and Sheep rather more 
an Pigs. Of the standing fasted live-weight of the moderately fat Ox, there were 
MDCCCLIX. q "" 
