720 
DR. E. SMITH 0'S THE ACTION 
and Mr. MouL an average increase of '84 gr. and 1'25 gr. of carbonic acid, and a 
maximum increase of -94 gr. and 1-9 gr. per minute respectively. The quantity of air 
was increased 14 cubic inches and 22 cubic inches. The rate of respiiution was reduced, 
and to the extent of 2-6 per minute, whilst that of pulsation was increased 9 and 6 per 
minute. 
AfTOWTOot and Sugaf . — -September 13 (7 exps.), Plate XXXV. fig. 5. 250 grs. of 
sugar, added to 500 grs. of arrowroot, gave a maximum increase of 1 gr. of carbonic acid, 
and 20 cubic inches of air per minute in forty minutes. The rate of respiration was 
progressively reduced, whilst that of pulsation was temporaiily increased. 
Hence it appears — 
1. That pure starch exerts but an insignificant influence over the increase of carbonic 
acid and over pulsation, and that after a fast of twenty-four hours the influence is but 
very slightly increased. 
2. That wheat flour, oatmeal, and rice have a great and very similar influence over 
respiration, both in degree and duration; but the latter differs from the others in 
increasing the rate of pulsation. In each of them there remained an increase of 1 gr. 
of carbonic acid per minute after the lapse of two hours. 
3. That potato differs from the foregoing less in the amount of its maximum influence 
than in the shorter duration of its influence, the subsidence fr’om the maximum being 
very rapid. New and old potatoes had the same influence. 
4. The foregoing invariably reduced the rate, and thereby increased the depth of 
respiration. 
5. The proportion of carbonic acid to the inspired air was increased by these sub- 
stances to the greatest extent in rice, and the least in potato. The maximum increase of 
air and carbonic acid almost invariably occurred together. 
6. The maximum influence was obtained in from 1-|^ to 2 hours, and it was the same in 
wheat, oatmeal, and rice, and nearly the same in potato. 
7. The addition of fat to starchy foods did not increase, but rather lessened the 
influence of the latter. It however increased the influence over pulsation. 
8. Gluten exerts a considerable influence, but much less than that of bread, oatmeal, 
and rice. Its effects were very uniform on two occasions. Its maximum influence "v^as 
produced in forty minutes, and the whole effect ended m about two hours. 
9. Arrowroot, alone, gave no sense of satisfaction (all our experiments uere made 
whilst fasting), but, on the contrary, there was in about one hour an unnatmnl sensation 
of sinking in the stomach and small intestines. 
With bread there was a sweet taste in 14 to 20 minutes ; and with bread, rice, and 
potato sour eructations in 35 minutes. The inspirations were forcible. 
2. Fats, 
Fat, like starch, does not excite the respiration. 
Butter.—lmie 25 (7 exps.), Plate XXXV. flg. 2. 500 grs. of butter gave me an 
