732 
DE. E. SMITH OX THE ACTION 
7. The relation between the quantity of carbonic acid expired and the volume of air 
inspired, was usually increased at the period of maximum influence, 
8. The variation in the results was greater than the statement of the average and 
maximum effects indicates, as may be seen in the Tables and Plates. 
The general effects ujpon the system of these substances may be thus epitomized . 
1. There is not an exact correspondence in time and intensity of the effects upon 
consciousness, sensibility, and respiration, and their principal influence is not upon the 
respiratory function. They disturh the vital actions. 
2. There were two sets of effects in each of the inquiries on spirits. 
A. The early effects, consisting of — 
Lessened consciousness, with cloudiness, swimming or giddiness, beginning m less 
than 10 minutes, and increasing during about 30 minutes. 
Lessened sensibility to light, sound, and touch. 
Wavy or buzzing sensation passing through the whole body ; and a semi-cata- 
leptic state, in which there was indisposition to move any part of the body horn 
the then existing position. 
These occurred at the same period as : 
Lessened voluntary muscular power and control, with sensation of stiffness and 
hanging of the upper lip, and stiffness of the face and forehead, beginning in 
8 minutes, and continuing about 45 minutes. The dartos was relaxed, and the 
erector penis and the sphincter of the bladder were rendered less effective. The 
action of the heart and arteries was increased, as was that of the muscles of mspiia- 
tion, with a sensation of sudden and forcible action, to a greater degiee than the 
quantity of air inspired accounted for. There was certainly a difference in the effect 
upon the muscles subject to, and not subject to volition. 
Lessened transpiration of vapour from the lungs during to 1 hour, uith dri- 
ness of the skin (as if it had been induced by an east wind), and particularly 
with rum. Increased arterial action near to the surface in 8 minutes, with heat, 
tingling and swelling of the skin, and a dry state of the whole mouth, u ith u hiskj , 
and dryness, redness, and soreness of the tip of the tongue with rum. 
Pleasant dreaminess and talkativeness, particularly with rum, in 13 to 15 minutes. 
B. The later effects. 
Taciturnity in from 18 to 80 minutes, followed by depression and a miserable 
feeling in from 60 to 90 minutes. 
Sensation of cold often occurred suddenly and apart from the temperature of the 
air in about 50 minutes. 
The principal influence over consciousness and sensibility was often lessened sud- 
denly, and the effects of the alcohol nearly disappeared at the following periods : 
71 to 73 minutes with alcohol; 43 to 120 minutes with rum; 66 to 84 minutes 
with whisky; 46 to 80 minutes with brandy, and 68 minutes witli gin. 
