864 DE. EAEE ON THE CONSTETJCTION OE LIEE-TAELES. 
It is probable, upon physiological grounds, that man goes through all the phases of 
his natural development in a hundred years; and that the period of active life seldom 
extends beyond eighty years. But this is a very indefinite measui'e, as the rates of 
mortality, in all the intermediate ages, are left undetermined after it has been ascertained 
in what proportions men attain the extreme limits. 
Generations of men, under all circumstances, die at all ages ; but the proportions 
vary indefinitely under different conditions from a slight tribute to death each year, 
down to the point of extermination by pestilence. If we ascertain at what rate a gene- 
ration of men dies away under the least unfavourable existing circumstances, we obtain 
a standard by which the loss of life, under other circumstances, is measured ; and this I 
have endeavoured to determine in the Life-Table of Enghsh Healthy Districts. And 
recollecting that the science of public health was almost inaugurated in England by a 
former President of this Society*, who encouraged and crowned the sanitary discoveries 
of Captain Cook, I feel assured that it will receive with favour’ this imperfect attempt 
to supply sanitary inquirers with a scientific instrument. 
In a subsequent paper I hope to be able to lay before the Society the mortality by 
different kinds of diseases at each age, as they have been deduced from the same series 
of observations. 
HEALTHY DISTEICTS. 
Table A. — Population, 1851. Deaths in the five years 1849 to 1853. Average Annual 
Mortality per cent., and Logarithms of the Mortality. 
Ages. 
Population. 
Deaths. 
Average annual mortality 
to 100 living (m). 
, 
Logarithms of the mortality 
Persons. 
Blales. 
Females. 
Persons. 
Males. 
Females. 
Persons. 
Males. 
Females. 
Persons. 
Males. 
Females. 
— 
I. 
2 . 
3 - 
4 - 
5 - 
6 . 
7 - 
8 . 
9 - 
10. 
II. 
12 . 
13- 
All ages 
996773 
493525 
503248 
8734s 
43736 
43609 
1753 
1-772 
1-733 
2-2436718 
2-2485599 
2-2388240 
' Under 5 
13063s 
65700 
6493 s 
26361 
14282 
12079 
4-036 
4 ' 348 
3*720 
2-6059323 
2-6382536 
2-5705821 
5— 
122406 
61733 
60673 
4209 
2080 
2129 
•688 
•674 
*702 
3-8374062 
3-8285759 
3-8462102 
I 10412 
56651 
53761 
2377 
1087 
1290 
•431 
•384 
•480 
3-6340429 
3-5840519 
3-6811523 
15— 
181339 
90066 
91273 
6603 
3113 
349 ° 
•728 
•69 1 
•765 
3-8622801 
3-8396482 
3-8835130 
45 — 
I768q2 
65422 
71470 
5869 
'2675 
3194 
•857 
■818 
•894 
3-9332160 
3-9126300 
3-9512411 
35— 
108056 
52734 
55322 
5208 
2447 
2761 
•964 
•928 
•998 
3-9840521 
3-9675733 
3-9991985 
45 — 
85244 
42383 
42861 
5252 
2698 
2554 
1*232 
1-273 
1*192 
2-0906909 
2-1048802 
2-0761886 
1 5 5 — 
62857 
3110S 
31752 
7001 
3568 
3433 
2-228 
2*294 
2-162 
2-3478365 
2-3606246 
2 ’ 33493 i 7 
65 — 
39453 
18860 
“593 
IO3I3 
5173 
5140 
5-228 
5-486 
4-992 
2-7183350 
2-7392308 
2-6982734 
1 75 — 
16737 
7718 
9019 
10297 
4946 
5351 
12*304 
12-817 
11-866 
1-0900631 
1-1077793 
1-0743066 
i 8s— 
2614 
1097 
1517 
3581 
1555 
2026 
27-399 
28-350 
26-711 
1-4377287 
1-4525536 
1-4266838 i 
j 95 and upwards 
128 
56 
72 
274 
I 12 
162 
42-813 
40*000 
45*000 
1-6315706 
1-6020600 
1-6532125 j 
]}fote. The ages at death of 146 persons, viz. 123 males and 23 females, were not stated ; in calculating 
the mortality they have been distributed proportionally over the several ages in the Table. The Table may 
be read thus ; 136,892 persons, of whom 65,422 were males, 71,470 were females at the age of 25 and under 
35, wmre enumerated iu 1851 ; at the same ages, 5869, 2675 males and 3194 females, died in the five years 
1849 to 1853 ; consequently the annual rates of mortality per cent, were '857, ’818, and '894. 
* Sir John Pbingle. 
