340 
“ Situate in an extensive tract of open, nearly level country, tlie strata seem to 
have but little inclination, but tbe general dip seems to be a little to the west. To the 
eastward the coal rocks are covered by basalt, the edge of which is between 
shafts of the mine, the eastern one being sunk through a considerable thickness of hard 
blue metal, and at the junction of the igneous and coal rocks a bed of earth was found 
containing fragments of fossil wood, with the leaves and seed vessels of plants, 
belonging to a period much more recent than the coal strata.” 
The Writer visited the Clifton Colliery, while it was being worked, in 1880, and 
measui'ed the following section of the Upper Seam ; 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
20 
0 
1 
H 
3 
2 
1 
10 
3 
10 
0 
Black clay shale 
Coal (Ihiokons to 7 iuches) 
Grey fireclay ... 
Grey fireclay, with five thin seams of coal 
Coal ... ... .. ••• ••• 
Grey fireclay, with white spots with a thin coal-seam 
Coal 
Stiff grey clay 
Coal 
Fireclay 
According to Mr. Gregory’s observations it may be surmised that the eastern 
shaft alone passes through “ a considerable thickness ” of basalt, before cutting the 
coal. As the dip of the coal is to the west it may be presumed that this mass of basal 
(which is unconnected with the main mass of the Toowoomba Eange) occupies a local 
hollow, or possibly an ancient valley. The basalt may even be of a later age than the 
basalt of the Main Eange.* Mr. Gregory continues 
“Coal has been found in Clifton Creek to the north-west of Chiton Mine; also m 
a well sunk through basalt at the head station, while the Carboniferous sandstones and 
shales are largely developed to the south-west. 
“ Coal near Effora.— Coal was worked near Allora, about two miles from tne 
Hendon Eailway Station, and the coal supplied for use in the locomotives on the 
Warwick Eailway. The seam was not more than two feet thick, and has been 
abandoned. i -r na 
“ TFhrwic/f.— The Town of Warwick is situated on an outcrop of the Carboniterous 
sandstone, containing great quantities of fossil wood, changed mostly to iron ore an 
to the east and north of the town the soft shales indicate the probability of coal exis ing 
at a small depth, small fragments of it being found five miles to the south-east ot tu 
town ; also in a well on the Agricultural Eeserve. _ 
“ Coal at Farm Oreeh.— On Farm Creek, fourteen miles east from Warwick, tne 
outcrop of a large seam has been worked for the supply of the steam mills. 
“ Character of the Coal, ^-c.— The general character of the coals found between 
Walloon and Warwick is that of cannel coal. It does not cake in coking, 
hio-h percentage of gas, or oil and paraffin, according to its treatment at a high or o 
temperature. Its hardness renders it very suitable for export. It burns very free y^ 
and leaves a soft, white ash. From the small proportion of fixed carbon, and its no 
cakino-, it does not produce good coke, but a charred coal, which, however, burns we . 
consequently it is not well adapted for blast furnaces, though well suited for rev 
beratory furnaces. As a steam coal it is best suited for stationary or marine ’ 
the strong blast of locomotives being apt to blow it through the tubes. It is a v 
high-class household coal. 
* Tide my Colleague’s remarks on the Plant-remains referred to by Mr. Gregory. {R.L.J-) 
