523 
and the Etheridge waters. Two miles west of the coiifluertce of G-oldsmith's and 
Caledonian Creeks a tableland, known as “G-oldamith’s Flat-top,” rests on granite. A 
similar tableland occurs a mile or so to the north. “ The Castle ” is a tableland 
having an area of about a quarter of an acre, three miles to the west of “ Goldsmith’s 
Flat-top,” showing a thickness of about thirty feet of white pebbly sandstone or 
conglomerate, the pebbles being of quartz. It rests on granite, on the highest ground 
in the neighbourhood. From this summit “Mount Flat-top” and another Desert 
f^andstone tableland can be seen about twelve miles to the west, near the head of 
Western Creek, a tributary of the Gilbert. 
About four miles north of Goldsmith’s Township a long tableland of Desert 
Sandstone, on the high lands between Goldsmith’s Creek and the Sandy Etheridge, is 
crossed by the direct road from Goldsmith’s to Townsville. 
The broken fragments of the Desert Sandstone tableland on the divide between 
the head of Goldsmith’s Creek and the Eobertson River, rise to an elevation of about 
2,200 feet above the sea, while the base of the sandstone rests, at 2,110 feet (by 
Aneroid), on schists and slates. 
On the Robertson waters, about twm miles south of the divide between the 
Robertson and Goldsmith’s Creek, a lofty bluff of bedded trachyte lava rests directly on 
a coarse volcanic ash, which passes in places into a conglomerate. PI. 50, fig. 3, is a 
section explanatory of the supposed structure of this region. The volcanic ash and 
overlying bedded trachyte are probably contemporaneous with the altered ashes of the 
Newcastle Range. Although the trachyte and ash have not been observed in the 
district actually in contact with the Desert Sandstone, it is likely enough that it dates 
from the earlier part of the same period. Between Mount Hogan and Gilberton, on 
Chance Creek, a raas.s of coarse volcanic ash occurs, resting on slates and schists. The 
alteration which the ash has undergone is greater than that of the Robertson and less 
than that of the Newcastle Range, but I think it represents a contemporaneous deposit. 
The section of the ash and trachyte is very much like some of tho.se observed by Mr. 
Maitland in the Mackay District, afterward.s referred to. 
Twenty-four miles south of the head of Caledonian Creek, the track from Gold- 
smith's to the Homeward Bound Mining Camp on the Percy River, after crossing the 
Robertson and running up McCoy’s Creek to its source, goes through a gap on the 
divide between the Robertson and Percy waters, fifteen miles north of the Homeward 
Bound Camp. To east and w'est of the gap are cliffs of Desert Sandstone — white, 
cross-bedded, siliceous, pebbly grits, the pebbles being of quartz and slate. Considering 
that the sandstone rests directly on grey granite, the absetice of granite pebbles (for 
which I searched in vain) is very remarkable. I saw one agate pebble, and ferruginous 
siliceous concretions very like those which form the matrix of the opal in the west. 
The sandstone is in one bed about thirty feet thick. In other places a higher bed of 
s-bout the same thickness is seen. The base of the sandstone (by Aneroid) is 2,135 feet 
^'bove the sea-level. 
The track from Charleston, vM Tweedside, to the Homeward Bound Camp on 
the Percy, about three miles north of the Percy, passes over a gap in granite country, 
between two walls of conglomerate belonging to the Desert Sandstone series. The base 
cf the conglomerate is 2,240 feet above the sea. The same conglomerate is seen 
Capping the hills between Agate Creek and the Percy, to right and left of the road. 
Between the Percy and Mount Hogan Creek the Desert Sandstone is seen capping the 
Sranitc on the divide for six miles to right and left of the track. 
Mount Nation, a conspicuous hill of Desert Sandstone, is on the right bank 
of the Gilbert River, about two miles above Commissioner’s Hill. The hill consists of 
