601 
to brown and red, and containing occasional pebbles of quartz and quartzite. The 
of the Desert Sandstone I should judge to be about a hundred feet lower than the 
summit of Mount Morgan. . 
“ Standing on the sandstone cliffs, so as to look to the east, past the south side 
of Mount Morgan, the observer can descry, across the valley of the Dee, the familiar 
contour of horizontal-bedded sandstone cliffs stretching North and South. As near y 
as can be judged by the eye, they are on the same level as the cliffs on the opposite side 
of the valley, and there can be no doubt that the valley has been carved out of a once- 
continuous cake of horizontal sandstone. The question arises, Was Mount Morgan 
an island in the sea or lake in which the sandstones were laid down ? In that case e 
hot spring was older than the Desert Sandstone. i i i, 
“ The answer is easily made. Had there been shores to this sea or lake where 
Mount Morgan now stands, the sandstone in the neighbourhood would have been full ot 
pebbles of sinter and ironstone derived from the waste of such easily degraded roc s. 
But I saw none such, and I believe they do not occur. The hot spring, then, was newer, 
and not older, than the Desert Sandstone.”* r +i • 
In many localities in the North, as may be seen in previous portions ot this 
Chapter, the valleys carved out of the Desert Sandstone became the theatres of volcanic 
activity, represented by flows of basaltic lavas and “foci” filled with ash or basa t 
and in some instances by crater-shaped hills. Another form of volcanic activity was 
developed at the same period near the head of the Dee Valley. After t .e eser , 
Sandstone had been uplifted, and the carving-out of the present valleys had been earned 
on for long ages— in fact, till the valleys had nearly acquired their present contours 
basaltic lava flowed down the valleys ovmr the upturned slates of the Macivor an over 
the auriferous drifts of the Mulgrave, and a thermal spring of enormous proportions 
burst out, or perhaps even a geyser spouted fitfully in the valley of the Dee, carrying 
with it not only water, but in all probability chloride of gold. 
The literature of Mount Morgan is already voluminous. The reader may 
consult — 
Jown. B. Soc. W. S. Wales for 1884 
(1.) Leibihs, a. — N otes on Gold. 
[1885], xviii., p. 37. 
(2.) Geegoet, a. C.— Observations on the Occurrence of Gold at Mount 
Morgan. Proc. E. Soc. Queensland, 1884. 
(3.) Jack, E. L.— Eeport on the Mount Morgan Gold Deposits. Brisbane : 
by Authority : 1884. 
(4.) Jd.— Second Eeport on the same. Brisbane : by Authority; 1889. 
(5.) MACnosTALD Cameecit, J.— Eeport on Mount Morgan, to the Directors, 
dated 26th March, 1887, reprinted in Bochlmmpton Bulletin. 
(6.) Eickahd, T. a. (o/ California). — Mount Morgan Mine. Articles in 
Melbourne Evening Standard for 13th and 14th March, 1890. 
(7.) Sykes, Wieliam H.— A Practical Treatise on Mount Morgan. Mount 
Morgan Clironiole OfiSce, 1888. 
(8.) Wilkinson, C. S. ; David, T. W. Edgewoeth ; and Andeeson, W il- 
iiAM. — Notes on a Collection of Eocks and Minerals from Mount 
Morgan, already quoted. (See page 598.) _ 
(9.) Mine Sections and Working Plans issued by the Directors, July, 1890. 
(10.) Jack, E. L.— Third Eeport on the Mount Morgan Gold Deposits. 
Brisbane : by Authority ; 1892. 
* Report (First) by R.L. J. on the Mount Morgan Gold Deposits. BrisLne : by Authority : 1884. 
