622 
others yellow, and some ochreous red. The formation is entirely one of blown sand. 
On the surface, where ti-tree brush does not grow, the sand forms the usual shifting 
dunes of rounded outline and great height. In places there are sand-slips on some of 
the dunes, where the false bedding becomes revealed. The undulating lines which 
separate the various layers are found to consist of decaying vegetable matter, or rich 
loamy earth with roots, leaves, and land shells intermingled. They represent the former 
surface of the drifting sand, where its shifting has been stayed by the growth of a dense 
brush. Thus it has remained stationary for years, until a change of wind, or, perhaps, 
a bush lire, has brought the sand on to the surface again and overwhelmed it. In part of 
the brush there are swamps of water ; at least, so I was informed ” 
Sand-dunes occur near Mackay, between East Point and Armhurst, “forming 
hillocks of no very great height and of which the landward slope is much steeper than 
that facing the sea.”* * * § 
North of Townsville, in the Town Common, and south of Townsville, between the 
mouths of the Eoss Eiver and Alligator Creek, the Raised Beach is covered in places by 
three or four parallel ridges of blown sand which sometimes attain a height of thirty feet. 
In Shelburne Bay, Cape York Peninsula, sandhills occur at a considerable 
elevation, and enclose a circular lagoon of fresh water about a quarter of a mile in 
diameter.f 
^ ^ In Temple Bay, the Raised Beach already referred to as occurring north of 
Camisade Creek is partly covered by blown sand, which extends for a considerable 
distance inland and attains an elevation of nearly four hundred feet. J 
Sandhills stretch inland for a considerable distance from Orford Bay, attaining 
a height of three hundred feet in places. J 
HAS MAN A GEOLOGICAL HISTORY IN QUEENSLAND? 
The answer to this question may be given in one word — No. That is to say, 
so far as I am aware, no evidence of the presence of Man, or of his works, has yet been 
discovered in any raised beach, cave, or stratified deposit associated with the remains of 
extinct animals. 
The question “Has Man a Geological History in Australia?” has been discussed 
at length by my Colleague in the Proceedings of the Linnoan Society of New South 
Wales. § His conclusion is as follows : — 
(1) Up to the present, as at the time Mr. R. B. Smyth wrote, the existence of 
Man s works in any geological deposit, above question, has not been shown to exist. 
(2) The molar crown found in the Wellington Breccia Cave appears to be that of a 
human being, and is to all intents and purposes a fossil. (3) Its position in the cave 
and association with the other organic remains there entombed is open to doubt. 
(4) No other human remains have been found at Wellington under similar conditions. 
“ The mineralized condition of the tooth is, of course, its strongest recom- 
mendation ; but I do not think that, in a momentous question of this kind, and one on 
which so much theory can be built up, this should be allowed to outweigh other 
evidence pointing in a different direction. 
The matter can hardly be summed up better than by the very reasonable and 
often correctly applied Scotch verdict of ‘ Not proven.’ 
* Report on the Geological Features and Mineral Resources of the Mackay District, by A. Gibb 
Maitland. Brisbane : by Authority ; 1889. 
t Report by R.L, J. on Explorations in the Cape York Peninsula, 1879-80. Brisbane : by Authority : 
1881. 
i Ibid,, p. 41. 
§ 1890, V., (2), p. 259. 
