632 
South Australia.— 'Ho the above there may be added a short description of the 
bouth Australian Mound Springs by Mr. H. T. L. Brown * 
mound springs, which are the natural indicators of artesian water beneath 
these plains, t are found in many places near the outcrops of bed rock,t between 
he junction of which and the Cretaceous rocks the water has doubtless found an 
easier egress. On the surface, the water often forms accumulations of travertine 
limestone rising to heights of forty or fifty feet, and showing in the distance 
across the level pki ns, where there is a group of springs, like a low range of hills; 
e deposition of this limestone has in many instances formed raised cups or basins, 
over the edges of which the water flows. The water of these springs contains soda, 
and 13 generally good drinking water ; in some cases, however, in the same group of 
spring there is a great difference in the quality of the water, which in one spring may 
be drinkable, and m another, a few feet away, salt. As a rule, these spring waters are 
warm, and must have a considerable temperature beneath the surface.” 
LIFE OF THE POST-TEETIAEY AND EECENT PEEIODS. 
_ The following is the List, as revised by my Colleague, of extinct animals of whose 
existence in Queensland since the close of Tertiary times we have direct evidence. The 
names of such living animals as are associated with the extinct, in the same deposits 
are also given. It is, however, not within the scope of this work to publish a Census of 
the present Eauna and Flora of the Colony. 
m completeness of the break between the life of this Period and that of the 
older Cretaceous Period is the fir.rf circumstance to strike an observer. The absence of 
lertiary organisms is equally noteworthy. The leading feature of the Fauna is the 
immense development of some forms of life which at present distinguish the fauna of 
Australia from all others, but which latter, after all, prove to be only a remnant of the 
peculiar assemblage of animals that flourished in the same area in Post- Tertiary times. 
Kangaroos, W ombats, Wallaroos, and other Marsupials were represented by a large 
number of species now extinct, and the Wingless Birds were in greater numbers than in 
the present day. 
DIPROTODON BRECCIA, MARYVALE. 
Class — Pelecypoda . 
Order — Venebacba. 
Corbioula nepeanensis, Lesson 
Class — Q-astekopoda. 
Order— Pbctinibeanchiata. 
ilfefcma oKco, Adams and Angas 
„ halonensis, Conrad 
„ denisoniensiSt'Brot 
r - „ . , Order— PULMONATA. 
AlWBtro n»»OAa! ? Adams and Angas 
Physa truncata, H. Adams 
Freshwater, Living 
II 
II 
II 
Crocodilus porositSf Schneider 
Class — R eptilia. 
Order — C eocodilia. 
II 
+ The SJdS" Proe. Amtr. Amc. Adv. Sci., 1889, i., p. 243. 
t^Mr. Brown evidently means by "bed rock” the Palmoaoio and Plutonic rooks underlying the 
