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side of the upper jaw — the feet palmated. Under this sub-genus he 
disposes C. vulgaris, C. hiporcatus, C. rhomhifer, C. galeatus, C. biscu- 
tatus, and C. acutus. — III. Longbeaked ( Gavials ). The jaws elon- 
gated and cylindrical — the feet palmated. Under this sub-genus he 
places the large and small gavial, as C. gangeticus and C. tenuirostris. 
The remains of animals referable to the genus Crocodile, and of 
others, which though not of this genus, may be considered as of the 
family of lizards, have been found in a fossil state in different parts of 
the world, but particularly in this island, in Germany, and France. 
In the greatest part of Thuringia and of Voigtland, bordering upon 
Hesse, and even in Franconia and Bavaria, is a bed of bituminous 
marl-slate, which Mr. Werner considers as the lowest stratum of the 
first floetz lime-stone. It is from this bed of schist, in the neighbour- 
hood of Mansfeld, Eisleben, Ilmeneau, &c. that those impressions of 
fish are obtained, which are so frequently beautified by the brilliant 
coatings of copper and silver pyrites. 
Above this cuprous schist are beds of lime-stone, in which exist 
belemnites, entroehi, anomise, and other remains of high antiquity. 
On this lime-stone is gypsum, accompanied with sal gem, above which 
is sand-stone, covered by gypsum, without salt ; and on this is another 
shelly lime-stone, in which are the celebrated caverns, containing the 
remains of bears and of other carnivorous animals. 
The bed of bituminous slate, in which the impressions of fishes, and 
also of oviparous quadrupeds, are found, are indubitably, from their 
situation, the most ancient of the strata here enumerated ; whilst the 
fishes, whose impressions are here found, are generally supposed to 
be those of fresh-water fish ; and the oviparous quadrupeds, whose im- 
pressions accompany them, are always, according to M. Cuvier, ani- 
mals which frequent marshes and the banks of rivers. From the repre- 
sentations of four fossil specimens, that by Spener, Miscell. berol. i. 
Fig. 24 and 25, p. 99, from the neighbourhood of Salzungen ; that of 
Link, from the same place, Letter to Dr. Woodward, &c. ; that by 
