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animals, have their roots brought into use when the crown is worn 
away ; and as the root divides into two branches, the two stumps of 
the roots of one tooth, forced upwards by the filling up of the 
alveolus, will give the appearance of two teeth. 
In the lower jaw are two large incisors, placed at the anterior 
angle ; and between these are two very small incisive teeth, which 
remain concealed within the gums. There are also two large incisive 
teeth in the upper jaw; and Cuvier has discovered, that in this jaw 
also there are two very small incisors, which are disposed, contrary 
to those of the lower jaw, on the outside of the larger incisors. 
The differences observable in separate detached grinders of these 
animals are not such as will serve to distinguish the species, but merely 
to point out the age of the individuals. Of course, it is not from the 
fossil grinders alone that we are able to determine whether the fossil 
remains of this animal belong to a species which still exists, or to one 
which is lost. Happily, however, complete information may be ob- 
tained on this point from the examination of the whole skull. By a 
careful comparison of the fossil with the recent skull, it is found that 
the fossil skulls exactly agree with each other, and belong to one and 
the same species, and that the fossil species is essentially different 
from those which are known in a living state. 
Omitting to notice the opinions of those who had written on this 
subject before the necessary anatomical knowledge respecting the 
living species of this animal was attained and published, I shall place 
before you a sketch of the observations of M. Cuvier, on the opinions 
entertained by M. Faujus on this subject. 
There appeared to be three living species of rhinoceros : 1. That of 
India, a unicorn, with a rugous coat, and with incisors, separated, 
by a space, from the grinders. 2. That of the Cape, a bicorn, the skin 
without rugae, and having twenty-eight grinders, and no incisors. 
3. That of Sumatra, a bicorn, the skin but slightly rugous, thus far re- 
sembling that of the Cape, but having incisive teeth like that of India. 
