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On comparing the skulls of the fossil rhinoceros with those of the ex- 
isting species, the following differences are observed : 1. The skulls of 
the fossil rhinoceros are, in general, much larger than those of the living 
species ; but as the skulls of the living species, which have been ob- 
tained, may not have been of the largest individuals, this difference is 
not such as should be insisted upon. 2. The occipital surface, which 
in the recent skulls is nearly perpendicular with the axes of the head, 
and which, in the unicorn, even inclines forward, in all the fossil skulls, 
inclines considerably backwards ; which necessarily occasions the dis- 
tance from the nose to the occipital ridge to exceed considerably that 
from the nose to the occipital condyles. 3. The meatus auditorius has 
its axis vertical in the living species ; but, in consequence of the 
obliquity of the temporal bones occasioned by the obliquity of the incli- 
nation of the occiput, this axis is oblique in the fossil species. 4. The 
fossil species has two horns, but the skull has nothing of the form of 
the bicorn of Africa. There is a considerable space between the bases 
of the two horns in the fossil species, whilst in the rhinoceros of Africa 
and of Sumatra the bases touch. This difference evidently proceeds 
from the elongation of the skull in the fossil species. The basis of the 
second horn, too, agreeable to the remark of M. Adrian Camper, has 
a more raised, and embossed, and a much more rugous surface, in the 
fossil, than in the existing species. 5. Instead of the anterior apophysis 
of the superior maxillary bone being short, and the intermaxillary very 
small, as in the bicorn of Africa, the fossil bicorn had these parts very 
strong, and longer than in all the other species, which renders the 
length of the nasal notch more considerable. 6. There is in the fossil 
species a prominence on the superior part of the incisive bone, which 
is not to be seen in the bicorn of Africa, in that of Sumatra, nor in a 
young unicorn, which appeared to approach to that of Sumatra. It 
was found only in the large unicorn, the skeleton of which is in the 
National Museum. 7 - The most important character in the fossil rhi- 
noceros is the form of the bones of the nose, and their junction with 
