435 
are sometimes very much reduced. The posterior extremity is merely 
crenated. This tooth has four roots, the foremost conical, two lateral, 
rather compressed, and one behind very much so. Plate XXII. Fig. 2, 
represents this tooth of its natural size, as found in the caverns, as were 
all the specimens from which the following figures were taken. The pe- 
nultimate, or middle upper grinder, is rectangular, and has two large 
conical eminences on the outer side, three of which are less marked 
on the inner side, and one small one on the outer side behind. It has 
three roots, two external, and one stronger internal. Plate XXII. Fig. 3. 
The antepenultimate, or foremost grinder, is triangular, with three 
conical eminences, two external and one internal. Plate XXII. Fig. 4. 
Before this tooth, in the existing species of bears, is a small simple 
tooth ; and after a certain interval, and almost under the canine 
tooth, is another smaller. 
In the lower jaw, the hindmost is a roundish oval : its crown is irre- 
gularly wrinkled, without distinct tubercles. It has but one root, which 
seems to be continuous with the crown, and is always compressed ; 
one or two grooves giving the appearance of the commencement of a 
division. Plate XXII. Fig. 5. The penultimate is, in this jaw, the 
largest tooth ; it is rectangular, and irregularly embossed : four or 
five eminences may be counted on the internal border, and four on 
the external, two of which are most marked. There is a transverse 
rising from the largest external eminence to the internal. This tooth 
has two roots ; one conical, standing forwards ; the other stronger, 
and compressed in the back part. Plate XXII. Fig. 6. The ante- 
penultimate is more narrow than the preceding, and has its eminences 
more strongly marked : these are, one forwards, then one external, 
answering to two internal ; then three behind, forming a triangle, 
and sometimes four. It has but two roots, one before and one 
behind. Plate XXII. Fig. 7- The foremost lower grinder is short, 
and a little compressed. It has a strong conical eminence in the 
middle, a low one forwards, and two small ones on the inner side 
behind. It has but two roots. Plate XXII. Fig. 8. One, and some- 
