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times two verv small teeth, are found at the root of the canine teeth, 
as in the upper jaw, in the existing species of these animals. The fossil 
canine tooth is represented of its natural size. Plate XXII. Fig. 9. 
The teeth which are found in the fossil jaws differ from those of the 
recent animals only in their being larger and less worn down. But a 
more striking difference between the teeth of the bear of the caverns 
and the existing bears is, that the former has very rarely the small 
molar tooth, or teeth, immediately behind the canine tooth, whilst 
the latter possesses it at every age. Another, and a still more constant 
difference, is the small molar tooth placed immediately before the first 
large grinder in the upper jaw. Neither this tooth, nor its alveolus, 
has been seen by M. Cuvier in any of the fossil skulls, nor does it 
appear to have been seen by any other writer on these fossils. 
The examination of the teeth determine the skulls found in these 
caves to have belonged to the genus bear : the general conformation 
of the skulls also show it, and at the same time manifest those cha- 
racters which belong to the great family of carnivorous animals such 
as a transverse and partly cylindrical condyle, a large and elevated 
coronoid apophysis, a zygomatic arch, very convex outwardly and 
rising upwards, with an orbit incomplete in the back part, and there 
confounded with the temporal fossa. 
The fossil skulls found in these caverns appear to be of two species. 
The one has a strong rising of the forehead from the root of the nose, 
with two bumps on the forehead, a great length of the sagittal ridge, 
and a considerable projection and speedy approximation of the tem- 
poral cristas. The other has the forehead flat, approaching in this 
respect to that of the black bear of America, but being a third larger : 
the vertical elevation of these skulls is also less, and the muzzle is 
longer ; neither do they possess those three small teeth which are fre- 
quently found in the skull of that animal. M. Cuvier, indeed, con- 
cludes that the two species of skulls found in these caverns differ from 
all recent skulls, and equally as much from each other. 
The under jaws found in the caverns also show, that here are the 
