THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 
white ; remainder of quill-lining greyish-brown ; lower aspect of tail also greyish- 
brown broadly tipped with white. Eyes blackish-brown ; feet and tarsi black ; bill 
black. Total length 335 mm. ; culmen 25, wing 192, tail 143, tarsus 29. Figured. 
Collected at Mungi, North-west Australia, on the 3rd of July, 1911. 
Adult female. Similar to the adult male. 
Immature female. General colour of the upper-surface pale ash-grey including the top 
of the head, entire back, upper tail-coverts, scapulars, upper wing-coverts, and 
outer webs of secondary-quills ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blackish-brown 
with pale edges on the outer webs ; flight-quills blackish with whitish edges to the 
outer webs and broad white margins to the inner ones ; tail dark smoke-brown 
with white tips to the feathers, outer edges of outermost feathers on each side also 
white, the two middle feathers grey, becoming darker towards the tips ; a few dark 
feathers on the fore-part of the head ; rictal bristles, lores and sides of the face 
including the eye black ; chin and throat grey with dark feathers intermixed ; 
breast pale ash-grey fading into white on the abdomen, flanks, and under tail- 
coverts ; axiflaries, under wing-coverts, and inner margins of flight-quills below 
also white ; remainder of quill-lining greyish-brown ; lower aspect of tail also 
greyish-brown, but rather darker, with whitish tips to the feathers and whitish along 
the outer web of the outermost feather on each side. Eyes brown ; feet and tarsi 
black ; bill black ; base of lower mandible brown. Figured. Collected at Mungi, 
North-west Australia, on the 1st of July, 1911. 
Immature. General colour of the upper parts slate-grey including the top of the head, 
entire back, rump and upper tail-coverts, scapulars and upper wing-coverts, some 
of the outer greater coverts paler and inclining to rust-brown ; bastard-wing, 
primary-coverts and flight-quills blackish with grey edges to the outer webs of the 
feathers, which are also grey at the tips, the grey margins becoming more extensive 
on the secondaries, the inner webs broadly margined with white on the basal portion ; 
tail greyish-brown at the base and greyish-white at the tip, the white increasing 
in extent on the outer feathers, the basal portion of which are blackish ; the feathers 
on the fore-head have dark centres which impart a spotted appearance ; lores 
and sides of face black, the feathers stiffened and bristly ; chin, throat and cheeks 
dusky-grey with dark centres to the feathers ; breast, sides of breast, and upper- 
abdomen dusky-grey with slightly indicated cross-bars to the feathers, thighs similar 
but paler grey ; lower-abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts much paler and 
inclining to white ; axiflaries, under wing-coverts and inner margins of quills below 
pure white, the remainder of the quills greyish-brown ; lower aspect of tail also 
greyish-brown with white shafts and pale tips to the feathers. Collected in 
Tasmania. 
Male juvenile. Crown of head, hind-neck, back, scapulars, upper wing-coverts, upper 
tail-coverts, and middle tail-feathers silvery-grey ; bastard- wing black ; primary- 
coverts blackish slate-grey on the outer webs ; flight-quills black, pale slate-grey 
on the outer margins and at the tips ; outer tail-feathers white ; lores, feathers 
surrounding the eye, and ear-coverts blackish ; throat, abdomen, thighs, under 
tail-coverts, and lower aspect of tail white ; breast pale ash-grey. Collected at 
Running Water, 50 miles North-west of Lake Way, West Australia, on the 22nd of 
October, 1899. 
Immature female (obtaining first plumage). Crown of head, nape, hind-neck, sides of neck, 
back, upper tail-coverts, upper wing-coverts, throat and breast smoke-brown with 
whitish margins to the feathers, which have grey bases ; greater upper wing-coverts 
and margins of secondary-quills ash-grey ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts and 
flight-quills black with white or grey margins to the feathers ; tail dark brown at 
the base and greyish-white on the apical portion, which is more extensive on the 
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